2010年第3期《环境监测管理与技术》目次及主要文章中英文摘要
上海市环境监测质量管理规划探讨…………………………………………王向明，黄文（1）
环境司法鉴定案例分析与思考…………………………………………………………周杰（5）
浅谈环境数字化行政处罚裁量基准制度的建立与应用………..叶曦露，柳伟，邱建贤（8）
环境样品中237Np的ICP-MS分析研究进展……………….王江，韩小元，张瑞荣，等（11）
浅谈环境有机污染物监测发展趋势……………………………………………..胡冠九（18）
西安市景观水体营养状态调查及浮游藻类多样性研究……..王云中，杨成建，陈兴都(22)
梅梁湖水体浮游植物与环境因子的关系……………………..朱文昌，陆敏，石浚哲（27）
射阳港区规划对盐城自然保护区的生态影响研究……………石崇，钱谊，许燕华，等(31)
原广州氮肥厂地块地下水环境质量评价………………..杨萍，黄卓尔，徐丽莉，等（35）
杭州市主城区浅层地下水水质现状………………………徐玉裕，范华，项剑飞，等（38）
高效液相色谱法测定鸡蛋清和蛋黄中磺胺类药物残留
…………………………………………………………..吴翠琴，陈迪云，黄燕屏，等（43）
荧光光度法测定地表水中阴离子表面活性剂…………………………………..李红英（46）
工业废水中痕量汞的直接测定…………………………………………………..王冬进（48）
固相微萃取-GC/MS法测定水中18种酚类化合物………….戴玄吏，李春玉，余益军（50）
高碘酸钾氧化甲酚红催化动力学光度法测定水中痕量锰……………………..刘英华（53）
基于人体健康风险评估的冶炼行业污染场地风险管理与决策流程
…………………………………………………………………..潘云雨，宋静，骆永明（55）
地表水样品中10种卤代烃测定方法的优化………………..许雄飞，梁逸曾，王燕，等(62)
两种测量环境电磁场方式的分析…………………………………………..蒋云平，范磊(65)
·简讯· (26)（30）
主要文章中英文摘要
〖篇 名〗上海市环境监测质量管理规划探讨
〖作 者〗王向明，黄文
〖机 构〗上海市环境监测中心，上海200030
〖摘要〗针对上海市环境监测行业质量管理工作在宏观管理和微观控制两个方面存在的问题，制定了上海市环境监测质量管理近期和中期规划。建立质量管理信息共享平台和QC指标评定体系，组建质量与技术管理委员会，建立环境质量和污染源连续自动监测系统的QA/QC体系。在全市环境监测行业内建立质量管理考核评价体系和法制保障体系，推进LIMS建设并实现与上海市环境监测中心LIMS的无缝链接，探索构建“上海市水环境监测质量控制平台”。
〖关键词〗环境监测；质量管理规划；上海市
〖Abstract〗The short and midterm planning was established for solving problem about environmental monitoring quality management in Shanghai. The planning dealt with information platform of quality management and evaluating system of QC, Quality and Technical Management Committee and QA/QC system for environmental quality monitoring and continuous automatic monitoring of polluting sources. The planning plays a good demonstrating role to establish examination and evaluation system of quality management and legal security system, to link with LIMS of Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center and to structure quality control platform of water environment monitoring in Shanghai.
〖Key words〗 Environmental monitoring; Quality management planning; Shanghai
〖篇 名〗环境司法鉴定案例分析与思考
〖作 者〗周杰
〖机 构〗江苏省环境科学学会，江苏南京210036
〖摘要〗简述了环境司法鉴定的法律依据，对人民法院委托的环境司法鉴定案例进行了分析。指出了当前环境司法鉴定中存在的问题。提出，应进一步完善环境司法鉴定的程序；明确专业环境监测机构在环境司法鉴定中的职责；建立环境司法鉴定援助制度。
〖关键词〗环境司法案例；司法鉴定；环境污染纠纷
〖Abstract〗Legal ground of environmental judicial authentication was described to analysis the case entrusted by people's court. The problem of environmental judicial authentication was proposed to improve procedure of the judicial authentication in the future. The duty in the authentication of environmental monitoring institutions should be identificated. Legal aid system of environmental judicial authentication should be established.
〖Key words〗Environmental justice cases; Judicial authentication; Disputes of environmental pollution
〖篇 名〗浅谈环境数字化行政处罚裁量基准制度的建立与应用
〖作 者〗叶曦露1，柳伟2，邱建贤3
〖机 构〗1.南京市环境保护局，江苏南京210019； 2.南京市环境监察支队，江苏南京210019；3.南京大学数学系，江苏南京210093
〖摘要〗简述了数字化环境行政处罚裁量基准制度的意义和作用。提出建立数字化环境行政处罚裁量基准制度的基本要求，指出数字化环境行政处罚裁量基准制度应用中需注意的问题。
〖关键词〗环境保护；数字化环境行政处罚；裁量基准制度；自由裁量权
〖Abstract〗The significance and function of basic system on the environmental digital administrative punishment were briefly described. Basic requirements and the problems in the establishment and application of the environmental digital administrative punishment were proposed.
〖Key words〗Environmental protection; Environmental digital administrative punishment; Basic administrative discretion system； Discretionary power
〖篇 名〗环境样品中237Np的ICP-MS分析研究进展
〖作 者〗王江，韩小元*，张瑞荣，王煜
〖机 构〗西北核技术研究所，陕西西安710024
〖摘要〗近年来，环境样品中237Np的准确测量受到越来越多的关注。随着质谱技术的发展，电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）成为研究和测量环境样品中237Np的重要手段。文章从样品制备、定量方法、干扰降低、进样系统改进、与色谱联用等方面，对ICP-MS分析环境样品中237Np的研究进展作了评述。
〖关键词〗电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）；237Np；环境样品
〖Abstract〗In recent years, it was focus on accurate measurement of 237Np in environmental samples. With development of mass spectrometry techniques, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) had become a powerful tool for study and measurement of 237Np in environment. A review was given for the study on measurement of 237Np in environmental samples by ICP-MS, in which sample preparation, quantitative method, interferences correction, improving sample introduction system were summarized and discussed.
〖Key words〗Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); 237Np; Environmental samples
〖篇 名〗浅谈环境有机污染物监测发展趋势
〖作 者〗胡冠九
〖机 构〗江苏省环境监测中心，江苏南京210036
〖摘要〗从监测种类、环境介质、前处理设备、检测仪器、分析方法及质量保证/质量控制等方面，简述了环境有机污染物监测的发展趋势。指出污染物的监测种类将不断增多，监控介质将多样化，前处理设备趋于自动化，检测仪器呈现联用化，监测方法的标准化进程将加快，质量保证/质量控制将更加合理化和科学化。
〖关键词〗有机污染物；环境污染；环境监测
〖Abstract〗The monitoring development of environmental organic pollutants was described from category of pollutants, environmental matrix, equipments of sample pertreatment, analytical instrument, analytical method, as well as quality assurance and quality control. It was foreseeable for development tendency to increase kinds of pollutant monitoring, to diversify monitoring matrix, to robotize equipments of sample pretreatment, to couple analytical instruments, to standard analytical methods of montoring and to make quality assurance and quality control scientific and reasonable.
〖Key words〗Organic pollutants; Environmental pollution; Environmental monitoring
〖篇 名〗西安市景观水体营养状态调查及浮游藻类多样性研究
〖作 者〗王云中1，杨成建2，陈兴都2
〖机 构〗1.西安建筑科技大学艺术学院，陕西西安710055；2.西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院，陕西西安710055
〖摘要〗对西安市城区景观水体浮游藻类状况及生物多样性进行了研究。结果表明，7个景观水体中有5个水体的水质未达到Ⅴ类水质标准，主要超标项目为pH值和TN；7个水体的ρ(N)/ρ(P)为16.6～43.6，磷为限制性因子；其中2个水体富营养化严重，DO含量低，水质达不到要求，其优势藻种为蓝藻门，含量占浮游藻类总数的64.3%～93.4%；而水质较好的贫营养水体优势种为黄藻门，含量占到浮游藻类总数的54.3%；通过6种生物多样性指数与景观水体营养状态的拟合，发现MeNaughton's多样性指数适合城区景观水体的富营养化评价。
〖关键词〗景观水体；富营养化；藻类多样性指数；西安市
〖Abstract〗The nutrition situation of 7 urban landscaping in Xian were investigated, and their phytoplankton compositions and biodiversity induces were studied. The results indicated that five of the studied water bodies did not achieve water quality standards Ⅴ, and the pollutants over standard value included pH and TN; The restrictive factors of the water bodies were phosphorus with N/P ratio between 16.6 and 43.6, and two of the water bodies were serious eutrophication, which was with low DO content and high N, P content; The dominant species were Cyanophyta in 2 eutrophication water bodies, accounted for 64.3%～93.4% of the total phytoplankton species, and Bcillariophyta dominated the oligotrophic water bodies, which accounted for 54.3% of the total phytoplankton species. Six biodiversity indices were used to assess the eutrophication situation of the landscaping water bodies to find the MeNaughton's index was the most suitable eutrophication assessment index.
〖Key words〗Landscaping water body； Eutrophication； Phytoplankton diversity induces； Xian
〖篇 名〗梅梁湖水体浮游植物与环境因子的关系
〖作 者〗朱文昌，陆敏，石浚哲
〖机 构〗无锡环境监测中心站， 江苏无锡214023
〖摘要〗根据2008年的4月—11月梅梁湖水域应急监测数据，探讨了梅梁湖水体浮游植物与环境因子的关系。相关性分析结果表明，蓝绿藻含量与TP、pH值和DO呈极显著正相关；与TN、SD和EC呈极显著负相关；与NH3-N呈显著负相关。多元逐步回归分析结果表明，梅梁湖浮游植物生长受多个环境因子的共同影响，但主要为TP、TN、水温和风速。
〖关键词〗环境因素；浮游植物；多元逐步回归；梅梁湖
〖Abstract〗Relationship between phytoplankton and environmental factors were analyzed in water of Meiliang Lake, based on emergency monitoring data of the Meiliang Lake measured by Wuxi environmental monitoring centre in 2008 from April to November. Relevant analysis results showed the relationships were highly significant positive between algae density and TP, pH, DO; the relationships were highly significant negative between algae density and TN, SD, conductivity; the relationship was significantly negative between algae density and NH3-N. The results of multiple stepwise regressions analysis showed that several environmental factors impacted on phytoplankton growth, but the major factors were TP, TN, water temperature and wind velocity in Meiliang Lake.
〖Key words〗Environmental factors； Phytoplanktons； Multiple stepwise regressions； Meiliang Lake
〖篇 名〗原广州氮肥厂地块地下水环境质量评价
〖作 者〗杨萍，黄卓尔，徐丽莉，周树杰，许国，陆春霞
〖机 构〗广州市环境监测中心站，广东广州510030
〖摘要〗对原广州氮肥厂遗留地块浅层地下水环境质量进行调查与评价。结果表明，其整个地块浅层地下水被污染，特别是硫酸车间和造气车间为地下水污染最重区域。主要污染项目为Mn、NH3-N、亚硝酸盐、Fe、总硬度、IMn、SO-2、F-。提出，在作土壤开挖、修复和新建工程项目过程中，工程施工排水应处理后方可排放，以减少对周围环境水体的影响；建筑工人应避免直接接触地下水，施工时佩带手套，做好保护措施，减少皮肤暴露。
〖关键词〗地下水污染；环境质量评价；原广州氮肥厂
〖Abstract〗The shallow ground water was investigated under the land of former site of Guangzhou Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant. The result indicated all shallow ground water under the land was polluted especially the water under sulphuric acid workshop and gasmaking workshop. The indicators of pollutants were manganese, ammonia, nitrite, iron, total hardness, potassium permanganate index, sulfate, and fluoride. The discharge water should be treated during field operation of excavation and remediation of soil as well as new construction to reduce environment pollution. Construction workers should wear gloves and avoid direct contact ground water to reduce area of skin, which is exposed.
〖Key words〗Underground water pollution； Environmental quality assessment; Guangzhou Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant
〖篇 名〗杭州市主城区浅层地下水水质现状
〖作 者〗徐玉裕1，范华2，项剑飞2，陆树立1，周侣艳1，叶辉1，王奕奕1，赵佳佳1
〖机 构〗1.杭州市环境监测中心站，浙江杭州310007； 2.杭州市市政设施监管中心，浙江杭州310003
〖摘要〗调查了杭州市主城区浅层地下水水质现状。结果表明，杭州市主城区浅层地下水污染较重，“三氮”超标现象普遍，而主要污染项目为NH3-N、NO-2-N、IMn和总大肠菌群及细菌总数。指出，农业面源污染和生活污水，是造成杭州市主城区浅层地下水氮污染的主要原因。提出分析了地下水水质污染的成因。指出应加强地下水保护以及地下水资源的质量管理。进行科学、合理地开发利用，实现地下水水资源的可持续利用，支持杭州市国民经济的可持续发展。
〖关键词〗浅层地下水；水污染；杭州主城区
〖Abstract〗The situation of sallow ground water quality in urban area of Hangzhou was investigated. The results indicated agricultural polluting sources and sewage caused heavy pollution of the water. The detecting values of ammonia, nitrate and nitrite had been out of limits of national environmental standard. The pollutant indicators were NH3-N, NO-2N, IMn, coliforms and total number of bacteria. Priority was given to strengthen the protection of ground water and quality management of ground water resources, to scientifically and reasonably exploit ground water resources, and to realize the sustainable utilization of ground water resources for sustainable development of the national economy.
〖Key words〗Shallow ground water； Water pollution； Hangzhou urban area
〖篇 名〗高效液相色谱法测定鸡蛋清和蛋黄中磺胺类药物残留
〖作 者〗吴翠琴，陈迪云，黄燕屏，谢棣君，邓红梅
〖机 构〗广州大学环境科学与工程学院，广东广州510006
〖摘要〗采用高效液相色谱法测定鸡蛋清和蛋黄中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺吡啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲氧哒嗪、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺喹恶啉等7种磺胺类药物残留，优化了色谱条件和样品预处理方法。7种磺胺类药物在0.050 mg/L～10.0 mg/L范围内线性良好，检出限和定量限分别低于0.02 mg/kg和0.04 mg/kg。在0.250 mg/kg和0.500 mg/kg两个添加水平，蛋清中的回收率为81.0%～100%，RSD为0.8%～4.8%，蛋黄中的回收率为72.2%～94.1%，RSD为1.1%～6.9%。〖JP〗
〖关键词〗磺胺类药物；高效液相色谱法；鸡蛋清；鸡蛋黄
〖Abstract〗A highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the multiresidues simultaneous determination of sulfadiazine, sulfapyridine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfaquinoxaline in egg white and yolk was described. The test parameters of HPLC and sample pretreatment were optimized. The results indicated that a good linearity was in range from 0.050 mg/L to 10.0 mg/L. The detection limits and quantity limits were lower than 0.02 mg/kg and 0.04 mg/kg. At levels of 0.250 mg/kg and 0.500 mg/kg, the spiked recoveries of egg white were between 81.0% and 100%, RSDs were between 0.8% and 4.8%; and the spiked recoveries of yolk were between 72.2% and 94.1%, RSDs were between 1.1% and 6.9%.
〖Key words〗Sulfonamides; HPLC; Egg white; Yolk
〖篇 名〗荧光光度法测定地表水中阴离子表面活性剂
〖作 者〗李红英
〖机 构〗宁夏大学化学化工学院，宁夏银川750021
〖摘要〗采用荧光光度法测定地表水中烷基苯磺酸盐类阴离子表面活性剂，讨论了pH值和干扰物质对测定的影响。方法在0.200 mg/L～5.00 mg/L范围内线性良好，检出限为0.081 mg/L，实际水样加标回收率为98.6%～101%。
〖关键词〗烷基苯磺酸盐；阴离子表面活性剂；荧光光度法；地表水
〖Abstract〗A method was established by fluorescent spectrophotometry for determining anionic surfactant in surface water sample. The effects of pH and interferential ion on the tests were discussed. Linearity of the method ranged from 0.200 mg/L to 5.00 mg/L. The detection limit was 0.081 mg/L. Spiked recoveries of practical water samples were between 98.6% and 101%.
〖Key word〗Alkylbenzene sulfonate; Anionic surfactant; Fluorescent spectrophotometry; Surface water
〖篇 名〗工业废水中痕量汞的直接测定
〖作 者〗王冬进
〖机 构〗连云港市环境监测中心站，江苏连云港222001
〖摘要〗采用DMA-80型直接测汞仪测定工业废水中的痕量汞，优化了干燥时间、分解温度、释放温度等试验条件。方法在0 μg/L～600 μg/L范围内线性良好，检出限为5.0×10-5 mg/L，工业废水样品平行测定的RSD≤0.2%，加标回收率为96.7%～105%。
〖关键词〗汞；DMA-80型直接测汞仪；工业废水
〖Abstract〗Trace mercury in industrial wastewater was directly determined with DMA-80 automatic mercury analyzer. The experimental condition was optimized such as dry time, decomposition temperature and release temperature. A good linearity was in range from 0 μg/L to 600 μg/L. The detection limit was 5.0×10-5 mg/L. The RSD of parallel test of industrial wastewater samples was ≤0.2%. The spiked recoveries were between 96.7% and 105%.
〖Key words〗Mercury; DMA-80 automatic mercury analyzer; Industrial wastewater
〖篇 名〗基于人体健康风险评估的冶炼行业污染场地风险管理与决策流程
〖作 者〗潘云雨1,2，宋静1,2，骆永明1,2
〖机 构〗1.中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室，南京土壤研究所，江苏南京210008；2.中国科学院研究生院，北京100049
〖摘要〗简述了冶炼行业污染场地风险管理和风险评估流程。在借鉴国内外相关经验和教训的基础上，结合我国冶炼行业的特点，提出了基于层次性人体健康风险评估的冶炼行业污染场地风险管理与决策框架体系，利用该框架体系，通过层次性风险评估，可以筛选风险大的场地进行重点监管，并采取有针对性的措施防治污染扩散及消除对人体和生态环境的风险，从而经济有效地实现对冶炼行业污染场地的监管。
〖关键词〗冶炼工业; 工业污染场地; 修复土地风险管理; 人体健康风险评估
〖Abstract〗Risk management and human health risk assessment framework for metallurgical contaminated sites were studied. Referring to the experience from both home and abroad, which based on tiered human health risk assessment of contaminated metallurgy sites, a risk management method and decisionmaking framework were proposed according to actual Situation of Chinese metallurgical industry. High risk of contaminated metallurgy sites could be screened and supervised by the framework. It helped control dispersal of pollution and reduce risk of contaminated metallurgy sites on human and ecological environment.
〖Key words〗Metallurgical industry; Industrial contaminated sites; Repair risk management of land; Human health risk assessment
〖篇 名〗地表水样品中10种卤代烃测定方法的优化
〖作 者〗许雄飞1,2，梁逸曾1，王燕2，吴银菊2，禹文峰2
〖机 构〗1.中南大学化学化工学院，湖南长沙410083； 2.长沙市环境监测中心站，湖南长沙410001〖摘要〗对地表水样品中10种卤代烃测定方法进行优化，找出空白偏高的原因。方法优化后的加标回收率为90.1%～104%，相对标准偏差为1.1%～6.9%，检出限为0.000 3 μg/L～2.0 μg/L，可满足地表水环境质量分析要求。
〖关键词〗卤代烃；顶空进样；地表水
〖Abstract〗Determination method for 10 halohydrocarbons in surface water was optimized to combine 4 tests method and to solve higher blank values of some components. The results showed recoveries of 10 halohydrocarbons ranged from 90.1% to 104%, the relative standard deviation between 1.1% to 6.9%, and the detection limit between 0.000 3 μg/L to 2.0 μg/L. The method met the need for 10 halohydrocarbons detection of surface water environmental quality standard.
〖Key words〗Halohydrocarbons; Headspace gas chromatography; Surface water
