2010年第1期《环境监测管理与技术》目次及主要文章中英文摘要
环境司法鉴定机构建设初探……………………………………………………………………… 黄卫（1）
环境监测专用仪器环境技术认证路线初探………………………………………. 孙海林,左航,贺鹏（5）
浅析污染源监督监测工作的问题和对策………………………………………………… 朱杰，剑敏（8）
多无人机协作监测污染气团的研究现状………………………… 高同跃，夏晓玲，饶进军，等（12）
墨烯复合物在痕量气体分子检测中的应用……………………………… 吴昌子，宋敏，仲兆平（16）
基于GIS的河流污染应急监测方案自动生成研究………………… 吴秀丽，陈锁忠，钱谊，等（20）
主动采样法采集博物馆空气中微量污染气体…………………………… 刘霞，李静，施超欧，等(25)
连云港主要河流大型底栖无脊椎动物水质生物评价……………… 吴东浩，汪军涛，张咏，等（29）
贵州省部分地区土壤中酞酸酯类污染现状调查………………… 李存雄，方志青，张明时，等（33）
基于荧光素酶发光体系测试饮用水中农药的综合毒性……………… 姚冰，王莉，柴春彦，等（37）
吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定地表水中氯丁二烯…………………… 王荟，李娟，章勇（41）
气相色谱法同时测定水中28种多氯联苯单体…………………… 胡恩宇，杨丽莉，王美飞，等（44）
固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定饮用水中酚类化合物……………………… 张丽，李楠，万延延（49）
砷铈催化分光光度法测定土壤中的碘…………………………………………… 许淑青，朱文萍（52）
Excel在确定监测方法重复性与再现性中的运用………………………………………… 徐建平(54)
人工神经网络在深圳市水库富营养化评价中的应用…………………… 林高松，黄晓英，李娟（59）
滴水湖水质现状及保护初探…………………………………………………………………… 徐建官(64)
基于神经网络方法的城市空气质量日报技术…………………………………………… 张孟，李晶(67)
主要文章中英文摘要
〖篇 名〗环境司法鉴定机构建设初探
〖作 者〗黄卫
〖机 构〗江苏省环境监测中心，江苏南京210036
〖摘要〗简述了环境司法鉴定机构的概念和建设现状，从司法鉴定机制改革、环境维权诉讼和环境监测事业发展3个方面分析了建立环境司法鉴定机构的必要性，并提出了规范化建设的内容和要求。
〖关键词〗环境司法鉴定；机构建设；规范化
〖Abstract〗The concept and actuality of environmental judicatory appraisal organization were introduced. It was necessary to establish environmental judicatory appraisal organization from analysis of judicatory appraisal mechanism reformation, environmental lawsuit and development of environmental monitoring. Some detailed opinions were submitted on content and demand of standardize constitution.
〖Key words〗Environmental judicatory appraisal；Constitution of organization；Standardization
〖篇 名〗环境监测专用仪器环境技术认证路线初探
〖作 者〗孙海林,左航,贺鹏
〖机 构〗中国环境监测总站，北京100012
〖摘要〗通过分析环境监测仪器环境技术评估的含义和目标，对比加拿大、美国以及我国目前有关环境技术评估的相关技术路线，结合环境监测仪器技术检测工作实践，建立适合我国国情的环境监测仪器环境技术评估管理体系，评估程序和相关规章制度，提出相关建议。
〖关键词〗环境监测仪器；环境技术认证；管理体系
〖Abstract〗In view of relative technique routines of Canada, the United States and China, the meaning and objective were analyzed for Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) of environmental monitoring equipment. According to test practice of environmental monitoring equipment, some suggestions were made for establishing a management system evaluation procedures and relative regulations of ETV to suit the Chinese situation of environmental monitoring equipment.
〖Key words〗Environmental monitoring equipment; Environmental technology verification; Management system
〖篇 名〗浅析污染源监督监测工作的问题和对策
〖作 者〗朱杰，剑敏
〖机 构〗江阴市环境监测站，江苏江阴214431
〖摘要〗从监测数据应用的角度出发，分析了当前污染源监督监测工作存在的问题。提出，应明确环境监测法律地位，加强监测能力建设；及时调整工作思路，加强污染源监督监测力度；理顺污染源在线监测系统的投入和运营机制，加快污染源在线监控技术在监督监测中的应用；快信息技术在环境监测领域的推广和应用，提高污染源评价水平。
〖关键词〗污染源监督监测；监测数据；污染源在线监测
〖Abstract〗The problems of pollution source supervision and monitoring were analyzed from application of monitoring data. The legal position of environmental monitoring should be definite to improve monitoring ability, to adjust working thinking in time for strengthening supervision and monitoring of pollution source, to rationalize the relationship of input and operation mechanism for online monitoring pollution source for accelerating application of online monitoring technology in pollution sources, to improve pollution evaluation from popularizing and applying quick information technology in environmental monitoring field.
〖Key words〗Pollution sources supervision and monitoring; Monitoring data; Online pollution sources monitoring
〖篇 名〗多无人机协作监测污染气团的研究现状
〖作 者〗高同跃1，夏晓玲2，饶进军1，龚振邦1，罗均1
〖机 构〗1.上海大学机自学院精密机械系，上海200072； 2.上海市环境监测中心，上海200030
〖摘要〗分析了多无人机协作监测污染气团的研究意义，以及涉及到的4个主要技术问题——未知环境的搜索方法、环境地图建模、任务分配和路径规划的研究现状，指出多无人机协作监测研究的仿真平台、三维空间的监测技术及精确的模型是开展该项工作的重要研究方向。
〖关键词〗多无人机；协作监测；污染气团
〖Abstract〗The significance of research work was analyzed about multiunmanned aerial vehicle (MUAV) coorperation system for monitoring contaminant clouds. The work involued four techincal matters such as searching method in unkown environment, environment map making, task assignment and path planning. The important research direction of MUAV work was simulation platform, threedimensional monitoring technology and accurate model.
〖Key words〗Multiunmanned aerial vehicle (MUAV); Coorpertaion monitoring; Contaminant clouds
〖篇 名〗石墨烯复合物在痕量气体分子检测中的应用
〖作 者〗吴昌子1，宋敏2，仲兆平2
〖机 构〗1.江苏省环境应急与事故调查中心，江苏南京210036； 2.东南大学能源与环境学院，江苏南京210096
〖摘要〗综述了石墨烯复合物的种类、性能与制备方法，以及在痕量气体分子检测中的应用。石墨烯具有大的比表面积和独特的电学性质，对一些气体分子有很强的吸附能力，制作的传感器用于气体分子检测时灵敏度较高，但选择性较差。氧化石墨烯巨大的比表面积和表面丰富的官能团赋予的优异的复合性能，可提高传感器的检测灵敏度和选择性。
〖关键词〗石墨烯；复合物；传感器；痕量气体
〖Abstract〗It was reviewed about types, properties and preparation methods of graphene composites and its application in detection of trace gas molecular. Graphene had large specific surface area and unique electrical properties to make high sensitive sensor for gas molecular detection because it had strong capacity of absorption. The weak point of the material was poor selectivity. Graphene sensors of detection sensitivity and selectivity could be improved by composite performance of huge specific surface and abundant surface functional groups.
〖Key words〗Graphene; Composites; Sensors; Trace gas molecular
〖篇 名〗基于GIS的河流污染应急监测方案自动生成研究
〖作 者〗吴秀丽, 陈锁忠*, 钱谊*, 陈文君, 丁佳
〖机 构〗南京师范大学地理科学学院,江苏南京210046
〖摘要〗通过对河流污染事故应急监测工作流程的分析，研究了基于GIS的河流污染应急监测方案中所涉及的关键技术问题，包括对事故发生地点的空间定位、事故发生地周围应急监测单位及专家组分布信息的查询、应急监测队伍及仪器设备到达事发地最短路径的确定,以及重点研究的一维水质模型与GIS的集成技术。以昆山市河流突发性污染事故为例，探讨了基于GIS的河流污染应急监测优化方案的自动生成原型系统。
〖关键词〗地理信息系统；河流污染；应急监测；水质模型
〖Abstract〗Based on analysis of emergency monitoring work flow for river pollution incidents, key technical problems of GIS were studied, including spatial orientation of accident site, inquiry for distribution of monitoring stations and experts, determination of the shortest path of emergency monitoring researchers and equipments arriving to the accident site, as well as the integrated technology of onedimensional water quality model with GIS. The automatic prototype system was designed to optimize emergency monitoring plan of river pollution based on GIS with a case of river pollution accident in Kun Shan.
〖Key words〗GIS; River pollution; Emergency monitoring; Water quality model
〖篇 名〗主动采样法采集博物馆空气中微量污染气体
〖作 者〗刘霞1，李静1，施超欧1*，徐方圆2，解玉林2，吴来明2
〖机 构〗1.华东理工大学化学与分子工程学院，上海200237； 2.馆藏文物保存环境国家文物局重点科研基地，上海博物馆，上海200050
〖摘要〗根据博物馆污染气体的种类，对气体主动采样法进行了采样器种类、吸收液种类和浓度、吸收液体积的选择。验证了气体采样流量、采样时间与气体采样浓度的线性关系，确定了酸性和碱性污染气体的主动采样方法,为监测文物保存环境污染气体提供了可行方法。
〖关键词〗主动采样法；博物馆空气；酸性污染气体；碱性污染气体
〖Abstract〗A suitable type of active sampler and absorption solution for active sampling were selected according to the types of polluted gases in museum air. The linear relationship of flow rate and time of sampling with sampling concentration were testified respectively. The active sampling methods were determined for acidic and alkaline polluted gases and provided a feasible way for polluted gases monitoring for cultural relics protection.
〖Key words〗Active sampling method; Museum air; Acidic polluted gases; Alkaline polluted gases
〖篇 名〗连云港主要河流大型底栖无脊椎动物水质生物评价
〖作 者〗吴东浩1，汪军涛2，张咏3，王备新1，历以强3，沈燕飞3
〖机 构〗1.南京农业大学昆虫学系水生昆虫与淡水生态实验室,江苏南京210095； 2.连云港市环境监测站，江苏连云港222001; 3.江苏省环境监测中心,江苏南京210036
〖摘要〗于2008年5月采用Ｄ形网半定量采样法调查了连云港市5条河流7个点位的大型底栖无脊椎动物群落多样性，共获得67个大型底栖无脊椎动物分类单元；其中，昆虫纲双翅目18属、蜻蜓目11属；软体动物24种；环节动物4科4属5种。应用典范对应分析（CCA）排序结果将７个样点分成高TN低DO、高电导率和低TN以及高DO和低电导率3组。ShannonWiener多样性指数、生物指数和COD水质评价结果表明，多样性指数与生物指数和COD评价结果有较大差异，生物指数和COD评价结果较相似。综合评价结果为青口河的水质属于清洁；蔷薇河、淮沭新河、鲁兰河和新沭河属于轻污至中污。生物指数与TN极显著正相关（r=0.913，p=0.004），多样性指数与TN无相关性（r=0.257，p=0.578）。
〖关键词〗大型底栖无脊椎动物； 生物评价；生物指数；河流；连云港
〖Abstract〗Benthic macroinvertebrates assemblages were collected from 7 sites of 5 Lianyungang rivers in May, 2008. A total of 67 macroinvertebrate taxa were found including 18 genera in Diptera, 11 genera in Odonata, 24 species in Mollusca, 5 species and 4 genera in 4 families of Annelida. All sampling sites were plotted out 3 groups by CCA ordination analysis. The water quality was assessed by the ShannonWiener diversity index, Biotic Index and COD, the result of diversity index was quite different from those of BI and COD, while the results between BI and COD were similar. Based on above three indicators, the quality of Qianwei river was clean and other rivers were from slight to middle pollution. The Pearson's correlation analysis showed that BI corresponded strongly with TN (r=0.913，p=0.004）and ShannonWiener diversity index had no correlation with TN（r=0.257， p=0.578）.
〖Key words〗Benthic macroinvertebrate; Bioassessment; Biotic Indexes; River; Lianyungang
〖篇 名〗贵州省部分地区土壤中酞酸酯类污染现状调查
〖作 者〗李存雄1,2，方志青1,2，张明时2，秦樊鑫2，吴迪2，林野2
〖机 构〗1.贵州师范大学化学与材料科学学院，贵州贵阳550001；2.贵州省山地环境信息系统与生态环境保护重点实验室，贵州贵阳550001
〖摘要〗对贵州省部分地区表层土壤中酞酸酯类的污染状况进行了调查。分别在遵义地区、黔南地区、黔东南地区和毕节地区采集483个土壤样品分析，结果表明，样品中酞酸酯总质量比(ΣPAEs)为未检出～8.22 mg/kg，均值为0.63 mg/kg。其中DEHP和DBP为主要污染物，均值分别为0.32 mg/kg和0.24 mg/kg，检出率分别为90.89%和97.10%。
〖关键词〗表层土壤；酞酸酯；贵州省
〖Abstract〗The pollution of phthalic esters (PAEs) was investigated at the top soil in some areas of Guizhou province. The concentrations of six PAE compounds were determined in 483 samples from different sites of Zunyi, Qiannan, Qiandongnan and Bijie. The results indicated that the concentrations were from nondetection to 8.22 mg/kg, the average value was 0.63 mg/kg. DEHP and DBP in the soils were main pollutants for average values 0.32 mg/kg and 0.24 mg/kg and detectable rates 90.89% and 97.10% respectively.
〖Key words〗Top soil; Phthalates; Guizhou province
〖篇 名〗基于荧光素酶发光体系测试饮用水中农药的综合毒性
〖作 者〗姚冰，王莉，柴春彦，刘海峰，刘晓芳，李锋，刘国艳*
〖机 构〗上海交通大学农业与生物学院，上海200240
〖摘要〗利用农药对荧光素酶催化的发光反应具有非常显著的抑制作用，对甲拌磷、乐果、毒死蜱、百草枯等4种农药分别进行单一毒性和等比混合法联合毒性测试，建立了一种快速检测饮用水中农药综合毒性的生物学方法。试验结果表明，单一农药乐果、甲拌磷、百草枯和毒死蜱的EC50值分别为7.56 mg/L、12.7 mg/L、19.0 mg/L和65.3 mg/L，毒性强弱顺序为乐果＞甲拌磷＞百草枯＞毒死蜱，相关系数≥0.995；将4种农药以等比方式配制成两两混合液后，当质量浓度为20.0 mg/L～100 mg/L时，除百草枯与毒死蜱表现为毒性协同外，其他两两混合农药的毒性以拮抗作用为主。
〖关键词〗荧光素酶；发光体系；农药；综合毒性；饮用水
〖Abstract〗A fast determination method was established for synthetic toxicity in drinking water. Four pesticides (thimet, cygon, chlorpyrifos and paraquat) were used to investigate single toxicity and synthetic toxicity by classic method of equal doseeffect experiment with inhibition of bioluminescence from luciferase reacting system. Results showed that EC50 were thimet 7.56 mg/L, cygon 12.7 mg/L, chlorpyrifos 19.0 mg/L and paraquat 65.3 mg/L respectively. Toxicity level order of the pesticides was following: cygon＞thimet＞paraquat＞chlorpyrifos. The related coefficient was ≥0.995. When any two of the pesticides from range of 20.0 mg/L to 100 mg/L were mixed based on equal toxicity of single pesticide, antagonistic effect was manifested except that mixture of paraquat and chlorpyrifos showed the synergetic effect.
〖Key words〗Luciferase; Luminescence system; Pesticides; Synthetic toxicity; Drinking water
〖篇 名〗吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定地表水中氯丁二烯
〖作 者〗王荟，李娟，章勇
〖机 构〗江苏省环境监测中心，江苏南京210036
〖摘要〗采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定地表水中氯丁二烯。当进样体积为20 mL时，方法在0.100 μg/L～50.0 μg/L范围内线性良好，检出限为0.05 μg/L，标准溶液平行测定的RSD≤3.7%，地表水样加标回收率为91.0%～101%，方法可用于地表水中卤代烃、苯系物等其他21种挥发性有机物的同时测定。
〖关键词〗氯丁二烯；吹扫捕集；气相色谱/质谱联用法；地表水
〖Abstract〗 Chloroprene in surface water was determined by purge and trapGC/MS. A good linearity of the method was obtained in range from 0.100 μg/L to 50.0 μg/L; detection limits 0.05 μg/L at 20 mL sample; RSD of parallel standard solution ≤3.7%; spiked recoveries of surface water samples 91.0%～101%. The method can be applied for simultaneous determination of halogenated hydrocarbon, BTEX and other 21 kinds of volatile organic compounds in surface water.
〖Key words〗Chloroprene; Purge and trap; GC/MS; Surface water
〖篇 名〗气相色谱法同时测定水中28种多氯联苯单体
〖作 者〗胡恩宇，杨丽莉，王美飞，母应锋
〖机 构〗南京市环境监测中心站，江苏南京210013
〖摘要〗采用液液萃取-浓硫酸磺化净化-气相色谱电子捕获检测器同时测定水中28种多氯联苯单体，必要时利用质谱选择离子监测模式定性，考察了萃取溶剂种类和体积及盐析效应对测定的影响，比较了硫酸磺化和弗罗里硅土柱对萃取液的净化效果。方法在1.00 μg/L～47.6 μg/L范围内线性良好，当取样体积为200 mL时，方法检出限为0.001 μg/L～0.002 μg/L，基体加标回收率为95.8%～103%，相对标准偏差≤18.7%。
〖关键词〗多氯联苯单体；液液萃取；气相色谱法；水质
〖Abstract〗A method for 28 polychlorinated biphenyl compounds determination in water was established by LLE/cleanup with sulfuric acid/GCECD and qualitative analysis by MSSIM as needed. The influencing factors were discussed such as properties and volume of extracting solvent, saltingout effect and cleanup results of extracting solvents by sulfonation in sulfuric acid or Florisil SPE tubes. The good linearity of the method was obtained from 1.00 μg/L to 47.6 μg/L, detection limits of the method from 0.001 μg/L to 0.002 μg/L at 200 mL sample, recoveries of matrix samples from 95.8% to 103%, RSD ≤18.7%.
〖Key words〗Polychlorinated biphenyls; LLE; Gas chromatography; Water quality
〖篇 名〗固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定饮用水中酚类化合物
〖作 者〗张丽，李楠，万延延
〖机 构〗连云港市环境监测中心站，江苏连云港222001
〖摘要〗采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定饮用水中酚类化合物，优化了试验条件。方法在0 mg/L～40.0 mg/L范围内线性良好，14种酚类化合物的检出限为0.6 μg/L～2.6 μg/L，水样平行测定的RSD为0.2%～2.7%，加标回收率为96.3%～99.9%。
〖关键词〗酚类化合物；固相萃取；高效液相色谱法；饮用水
〖Abstract〗Phenol compounds was determinated by SPEHPLC in drinking water. The optimized tests produced the following results: a good linearity in range from 0 mg/L to 40.0 mg/L; detection limits of the 14 phenol compounds 0.6 μg/L～2.6 μg/L; RSD of parallel water samples 0.2%～2.7%; spiked recoveries 96.3%～99.9%.
〖Key words〗Phenol compounds; Solid phase extraction; High performance liquid chromatography; Drinking water
〖篇 名〗Excel在确定监测方法重复性与再现性中的运用
〖作 者〗徐建平
〖机 构〗上海浦东新区环境监测站, 上海200135
〖摘要〗依据《测量方法与结果的准确度（正确度与精密度）第二部分：确定标准测量方法重复性与再现性的基本方法》（GB/T 6379.2-2004），用事例给出了在实验室数据剔除或缺失时，确定监测方法重复性与再现性的Excel计算表和公式。
〖关键词〗电子表格；环境监测；方法重复性；方法再现性
〖Abstract〗The working sheet and computing formula were prepared by Excel for laboratories to calculate repeatability and reproducibility of monitoring method. It solved the exclusion and deletion of experimental data in some laboratories. The principle of statistics method depended on “ Accuracy （trueness and precision）of measurement methods and results Part 2：Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method”（GB/T 6379.2-2004）.
〖Key words〗Excel; Environmental monitoring; Method repeatability；Method reproducibility
〖篇 名〗人工神经网络在深圳市水库富营养化评价中的应用
〖作 者〗林高松，黄晓英，李娟
〖机 构〗深圳市环境科学研究院，广东深圳518001
〖摘要〗对富营养化评价标准进行插值获取大量的样本，建立了基于BP人工神经网络的富营养化评价模型。将模型应用于评价深圳市13座主要水库的富营养化状况，对其成因进行分析，并提出了对策与建议。研究结果表明，石岩水库与深圳水库为轻度富营养化，占评价水库总数的15.4%；西丽水库等11座水库为中营养，占评价水库总数的84.6%。人工神经网络用于建立湖库富营养评价模型是适合的。
〖关键词〗人工神经网络；富营养化评价；水库；深圳
〖Abstract〗Abundant of training samples were gotten via interpolation of eutrophication assessment standard, and a eutrophication assessment model was established based on back propagation artificial neural networks. The model was used to assess nutritional situation of thirteen main reservoirs of Shenzhen, and its cause was analyzed, and then strategies and advices were brought forward. Research result showed that 15.4% reservoirs were slightly eutrophic including Shiyan Reservoir and Shenzhen Reservoir, and 84.6% reservoirs were middle nutrition. Artificial neural networks without factitious weight were suitable to bright up eutrophication assessment model whose result was objective.
〖Key words〗Artificial neural networks; Eutrophication evaluation; Reservoir; Shenzhen
〖篇 名〗滴水湖水质现状及保护初探
〖作 者〗徐建官
〖机 构〗上海市南汇区环境监测站，上海201300
〖摘要〗滴水湖的水源大治河水质较差，总体为V类。滴水湖生态系统脆弱，水体已呈富营养化，2006年—2008年连续3年的湖水年平均富营养化指数（TLI）均超过了70，透明度呈逐年下降趋势，氮、磷是滴水湖污染最重要的因素。据此，提出了“立法先行、加强监管、污染控制、生态修复、硬件保障、科技创新”的滴水湖水质保护思路。
〖关键词〗滴水湖；水质；富营养化
〖Abstract〗The Dishui Lake, located in Lingang New City of Shanghai,was the largest artificial lake excavated on the unhardened beach. Water of the Dishui Lake came from the Dazhi River whose water quality was relatively poor and belonged to level V according to “Environmental quality standards for surface water” of China. The ecosystem in the Dishui Lake was weak and eutrophicaition had been confirmed. The annual average of comprehensive nutritional statue index (TLI) exceeded 70 in 2006 to 2008 with the decreasing transparency. Nitrogen and Phosphorus contributed a lot to the pollution of the Dishui Lake. The principle of water qualtiy protection could be concluded from different aspects such as legislation, management, pollution control, hardware construction, scientific research, technological innovation and so on.
〖Key words〗Dishui Lake; Water quality; Eutrophicaition
〖篇 名〗基于神经网络方法的城市空气质量日报技术
〖作 者〗张孟，李晶
〖机 构〗长春市环境监测中心站，吉林长春130022
〖摘要〗运用神经网络方法，将城市空气质量状况与大气污染物对空气质量的损害程度相关联，采用了“基于大气污染损害率的API法”评价概念，模拟发布长春市空气质量日报，同时公布次要污染物，并与API法进行同时段比对实验与综合分析。
〖关键词〗空气质量日报； 空气污染指数； 神经网络； 环境空气； 长春市
〖Abstract〗A new method based on the damage rate of air pollution was presented by neural network method that atmospheric pollutants related urban air quality damage in order to improvement of the API evaluation for domestic urban environmental air quality. The simulated daily air quality report of Changchun as well as secondary atmospheric pollutants was announced to test and analyze the method in the same period.
〖Key words〗Daily air quality report; Air Pollution Index; Neural network; Ambient air；Changchun
