2009年第3期《环境监测管理与技术》目次及主要文章中英文摘要
大型危险化工企业气体危险源监测与预警系统建设…………………………吴建伟，黄辉（1）
提升应对突发性环境污染事故处置能力的思考………………………………金鑫，张丹宁（4）
建设项目环境影响回顾性评价探讨………………………………俞美香，尹卫萍，常卫民（7）
大气扩散CALPUFF模型技术综述……………………………………伯鑫，丁峰，徐鹤，等（9）
基于RS和GIS技术的贵州省植被生态环境监测分析……牛鲁燕，郑有飞，吴荣军，等（14）
盐城市海岸带环境预警体系研究…………………………………………… 王计平，邹欣庆（19）
环境地球物理在污染场地调查中的现状及展望………………叶腾飞，龚育龄，董路，等（23）
贵州遵义地区土壤中有机氯农药残留调查……………………刘汉林，张明时，叶锋，等（28）
2007年我国城市大气污染时空分布特征…………………………向敏，韩永翔，邓祖琴（33）
UPLC-ESI-MS/MS法同时测定水中7种抗生素………………………张川，胡冠九，孙成（37）
固相萃取-GC/MS法测定水中邻苯二甲酸酯类………………………………王英，张占恩（41）
气相色谱法测定土壤中五氯酚………………………………………周延生，王晓，王兴民(45)
火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锰矿恢复区植物中重金属……………陈春强，李明顺，赖燕平(48)
溶剂浮选分光光度法测定生活饮用水中铜…………………………………………陈长应（50）
微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光法测定植物中汞和砷………………………………朱宇芳(52)
Landsat-7 SLC-OFF ETM遥感数据下载及在太湖蓝藻水华监测中的应用………李旭文（54）
环境气体标准样品量值的计算及不确定度分析………………….刘涛，樊强，田文，等(58)
高架复合道路交通噪声时空分布规律研究…………………………………仇丰，施丽莉（62）
重庆市主城区PM10与能见度相关性研究……………………周志恩，杨三明，张丹，等（65）
环境突发事件中挥发性有机物监测仪器解析………………………………周灿平，裴冰（69）
山东省生态环境遥感监测及其动态变化研究……………………李晶，孟祥亮，张玉梅（71）
·简讯· （3)（32）（40）（68）
主要文章中英文摘要
〖篇 名〗大型危险化工企业气体危险源监测与预警系统建设
〖作 者〗吴建伟， 黄辉
〖机 构〗泰州市环境监测中心站，江苏 泰州 225300
〖摘 要〗阐述了当前我国大型危险化工企业危险源监测及预警系统建设的现状与不足，以泰州梅兰集团为例，提出了大型危险化工企业危险源监测及预警系统的建设目标及原则，应急预警处置系统的主要内容、标准与要求。
〖关键词〗化工企业；危险源；空气污染；预警系统
〖Abstract〗The situation and deficiency were described about monitoring and earlywarning system for dangerous risk source of Chinese big chemical enterprises. Taking taizhou meilan group for example, the purpose and principle were proposed to establish monitoring and early warning system for dangerous source of big enterprises. The main working contents, standards and requirements also were present for the disposal system of early warning.
〖Key words〗Chemical Industry； Dangerous source； Gas pollution; Earlywarning system
〖篇 名〗提升应对突发性环境污染事故处置能力的思考
〖作 者〗金鑫，张丹宁
〖机 构〗南京市环境监测中心站，江苏 南京 210013
〖摘 要〗从应对突发性环境污染事故出发，通过案例分析阐述了如何开展环境污染事故的事前预防、现场应对和善后处理工作，提出构建科学、快速、高效的应急处置体系，提升应对突发性环境污染事故处置能力的方法。
〖关键词〗环境污染；事故处置；环境预警体系
〖Abstract〗Through case analysis to response environment pollution accident, the way to establish a scientific, fast and efficient emergency disposal system was described for prevention, site response and disposal of environmental pollution. The method was proposed to improve the disposal ability for emergency environmental pollution accident.
〖Key words〗Environmental pollution; Accidents disposal; Environmental early warning system
〖篇 名〗大气扩散CALPUFF模型技术综述
〖作 者〗伯鑫1，2，丁峰2，徐鹤1，李时蓓2
〖机 构〗1.南开大学环境科学与工程学院，天津 300071；2.国家环境保护部环境工程评估中心，北京100012
〖摘 要〗介绍了CALPUFF模式系统的理论知识，以及在应用尺度、适用范围、气象与地形预处理、特殊计算功能模块等方面的特点和优势，综述了其模式验证及在国内的应用情况，提出了模型在应用方面的局限性。
〖关键词〗CALPUFF；CALMET；大气扩散模型
〖Abstract〗The CALPUFF model system was described in theoretical knowledge, as well as its applied scale, scope of application, weather and terrain preprocessing, special function modules such as computing features and advantages. In this review, verification and application of the model in China were summarized and the limitation in applying the model was proposed.
〖Key words〗CALPUFF; CALMET; Atmospheric diffusion model
〖篇 名〗基于RS和GIS技术的贵州省植被生态环境监测分析
〖作 者〗牛鲁燕1,2，郑有飞1,2，吴荣军1,2，莫瑶1,2，吴战平3
〖机 构〗1.江苏省气象灾害重点实验室，江苏 南京 210044； 2.南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院，江苏 南京210044； 3.贵州省山地环境气候研究所，贵州 贵阳 550044
〖摘 要〗为阐明贵州省植被生态环境变化的整体状况，基于RS和GIS技术，应用美国国家航空航天局最新的全球植被指数变化研究数据（GIMMS），通过计算月归一化植被指数(NDVI)变化率，并对研究区一元线性回归模拟，分析了贵州省1982年—2003年的地表植被覆盖。结果表明：22年来，研究区植被覆盖呈增加趋势，表明贵州省植被生态环境向好的方向发展；贵州省平均植被覆盖在春季和秋季呈上升趋势，夏季和冬季呈下降趋势，其中春季对植被覆盖总变化量的贡献最大；植被覆盖程度增减因区域不同而异,变化程度呈增加的区域主要位于贵州省的中部地区;变化程度呈减小的区域分布在贵州省的四周边缘。
〖关键词〗遥感；地理信息系统；植被覆盖；生态环境监测；贵州
〖Abstract〗The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used in Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) of NASA, monthly from 1982 to 2003 based on RS&GIS technology, to illustrate the vegetation cover of earth surface in Guizhou. The change rates of NDVI were calculated by the linear regression to analysis the spatial distribution and dynamic change of vegetation coverage. The main conclusions indicated that NDVI values seemed to be turning up in the area during recent 22 years (1982—2003). That suggested the vegetation cover was improved in Guizhou. The NDVI increased in the spring and autumn and decreased in the summer and winter. The spring made the largest vegetation contribution in all seasons. Vegetation cover was different from the area and the variation was positive in the central area but negative around the edges of Guizhou.
〖Key words〗Remote sensing; GIS; Vegetation cover; Entironment monitoring; Guizhou
〖篇 名〗盐城市海岸带环境预警体系研究
〖作 者〗王计平1， 邹欣庆2
〖机 构〗1华东理工大学旅游管理系，上海 200237； 2南京大学海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室， 江苏 南京 210093
〖摘要〗简述了海岸带环境预警系统的组成，将海岸带环境预警的指标体系分为警情指标和警兆指标两大类，建立了海岸带环境预警指标体系。以盐城市为例，应用时间序列曲线模型对盐城市1995年—2010年的各项预警指标进行了拟合、预测。在此基础上，采用综合指数法，对到2010年的环境发展警情和警度进行了预报。研究结果表明，盐城市海岸带环境多数年份处于中警状态，系统指数处于比较严重的状态。
〖关键词〗海岸带；环境预警体系；盐城市
〖Abstract〗Systematical constitution of coastal earlyarning system was discussed and the warning index system was divided into warning situation and warning sign according to direct and direct methods. The indexes were simulated and predicted by time series curve model using data of Yancheng coastal zone environment during the period of 1995 to 2006. The warning situation and warning sign were forecasted for 2010 by synthetic index method. The results showed that the Yancheng coastal zone environment in most years from now on would be under middlewarning situation and the index would be under heavy warning.
〖Key words〗Coastal zone; Environmental early warning system; Yancheng
〖篇 名〗环境地球物理在污染场地调查中的现状及展望
〖作 者〗叶腾飞1，2，龚育龄2，董路1，能昌信1，吴曲波2，陈勇3
〖机 构〗1.中国环境科学研究院，北京 100012； 2.东华理工大学核工程技术学院，江西 抚州344000；3.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西 杨凌 712100
〖摘要〗简述了国内外对不同污染场地调查环境地球物理方法的研究现状及成果，指出了目前存在的问题。针对污染场地调查污染深度浅、污染浓度低的特点，提出了建立重金属污染在浅层迁移的数学物理模型和提高设备检测精度的必要性。对环境地球物理方法在环境领域的应用进行了展望。
〖关键词〗环境地球物理；污染场地调查；数学物理模型
〖Abstract〗The investigating methods of environmental geophysics were briefly described on different contaminated sites at home and abroad. It was necessity to establish shallow mathematical physics transfer model and improve the detecting equipments accuracy in heavy metal pollution sites survey which often appears shallow depth and low concentration. The methods of environmental geophysics were prospected in the future.
〖Key words〗 Environmental geophysics; Contaminated site investigation; Mathematical physical model
〖篇 名〗贵州遵义地区土壤中有机氯农药残留调查
〖作 者〗刘汉林１，2，张明时2，叶锋2， 秦樊鑫2
〖机 构〗1．贵州师范大学化学与材料科学学院，贵州 贵阳550001；2.贵州师范大学山地环境与地理信息系统重点实验室，贵州 贵阳550001
〖摘要〗于2008年3月—5月对遵义地区土壤中有机氯农药残留进行了调查。结果表明，15 种有机氯农药在所有样品中都有不同程度的检出。HCHs、DDTs类物质的检出率分别为90．7%、45．7%。∑HCH残留量为未检出～12．7 μg/kg，平均值为1．6 μg/kg；∑DDT残留量为未检出～239．7 μg/kg，平均值为2．8 μg/kg；总有机氯杀虫剂平均残留量为4.51 μg/kg,同国内其他地区相比,其残留水平偏低。
〖关键词〗土壤；农药残留；DDTs； HCHs；遵义市
〖Abstract〗The organochlorine pesticide residues were investigated on the soils of Zunyi during the period from March to May in 2008. 15 kinds of organochlorine pesticides in soil were detected out in different levels. The detectable rates of HCHs and DDTs were 90.7% and 45.7% separately. The range of HCHs content was ND～12.7 μg/kg with average value of 1.6 μg/kg，and the range of DDTs content was ND～239.7 μg/kg with average value of〖KG*2〗2.8 μg/kg. The average concentration of the total organochloride pesticides was 4.51 μg/kg and the residual levels was lower than that of other Chinese region.
〖Key words〗Soils; Pesticides residue； DDTs； HCHs; Zunyi City
〖篇 名〗2007年我国城市大气污染时空分布特征
〖作 者〗向敏1,2，韩永翔2，邓祖琴2
〖机 构〗1.兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070; 2.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730020
〖摘要〗根据2007年原国家环境保护总局空气质量日报86个城市的空气污染指数资料，分析我国城市大气污染的时空分布特征。结果表明，我国城市大气污染时空分布特征明显，大气污染冬季最严重，其次为春秋季节，夏季最好；污染总体上北方重于南方。城市大气污染由人类活动及当地特殊的地理位置综合影响形成，沙尘天气加重了北方大气污染。
〖关键词〗空气污染指数；沙尘天气；时空分布；86个城市；中国
〖Abstract〗The temporalspatial characteristics of air pollution in Chinese cities was analyzed according to 86 cities daily air pollution index information from air daily quality papers issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2007. The results showed that: the temporalspatial characteristics of air pollution in Chinese cities were obvious, The most serious air pollution in winter, followed by in spring and in autumn, the best in summer; Air pollution in the north cities was more serious than in the south cities. The reason of urban air pollution caused by human activities and effects of special geographical location as well as dust weather in the north cites.
〖Key words〗Air Pollution Index; Dust weather; Spacetime distrioution; 86 cities; China
〖篇 名〗UPLC-ESI-MS/MS法同时测定水中7种抗生素
〖作 者〗张川1，胡冠九1，2，孙成1
〖机 构〗1.污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室，南京大学环境学院，江苏 南京210093；2.江苏省环境监测中心，江苏 南京 210036
〖摘要〗采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾二级质谱联用技术同时测定水中7种抗生素，优化了试验条件。磺胺甲恶唑、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、四环素在1.00 ng/L～1 000 ng/L范围内线性良好，定量下限为1 ng/L，土霉素、金霉素在10.0 ng/L～2 000 ng/L范围内线性良好，定量下限为10 ng/L，去离子水和地表水样加标回收率为72.1%～112%，RSD为0.6%～9.2%。
〖关键词〗抗生素；超高效液相色谱；电喷雾；二级质谱；水质
〖Abstract〗An ultra performance liquid chromatographyelectrospray ionizationtandem mass spectrometry(UPLCESIMS/MS) analysis method was established for the simultaneous analysis of 7 antibiotics in water. The experimental conditions were optimized to produce following results: good linearity of sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and tetracycline in the range from 1.00 ng/L to 1 000 ng/L and the limits of quantification(LOQ) 1 ng/L, the good linearity of terramycin and aureomycin in the range from 10.0 ng/L to 2 000 ng/L and the LOQ 10 ng/L, the recoveries of deionized water and surface water from 72.1% to 112%, and the RSD from 0.6% to 9.2%.
〖Key words〗 Antibiotics; UltraHPLC; Electrospray; Tandem mass spectrometry; Water quality
〖篇 名〗固相萃取-GC/MS法测定水中邻苯二甲酸酯类
〖作 者〗王英，张占恩
〖机 构〗苏州科技学院，江苏省环境科学与工程重点实验室，江苏 苏州215011
〖摘要〗采用固相萃取-GC/MS法测定水中6种邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物，比较了不同固相萃取柱对萃取效果的影响，优化了水样pH值、水样流量、穿透体积、洗脱溶剂、洗脱剂体积、洗脱流量等萃取条件。方法在0.050 μg/L～800 μg/L范围内线性良好，检出限为0.008 μg/L～0.03 μg/L，标准溶液测定的RSD≤10.5%，实际水样加标回收率为80.0%～100%。
〖关键词〗邻苯二甲酸酯类；固相萃取；GC/MS法；水质
〖Abstract〗The 6 kinds of phthalate esters(PAEs) in water were determined by GC/MS with solidphase extraction(SPE). The efficiencies of SPE were compared for optimization of the pH of water samples, water flow rate, breakthrough volume, eluting solvent and volume, eluting rate, etc. The linearity was good from 0.050 μg/L to 800 μg/L and the detection limits were from 0.008 μg/L to 0.03 μg/L. The RSD of standard solution was ≤10.5%. The recoveries of practical samples were from 80.0% to 100%.
〖Key words〗Phthalate esters; Solidphase extraction; GC/MS; Water quality
〖篇 名〗气相色谱法测定土壤中五氯酚
〖作 者〗周延生，王晓，王兴民
〖机 构〗山东省分析测试中心，山东 济南250014
〖摘要〗采用索氏提取-气相色谱法测定土壤中的五氯酚，优化了试验条件。方法在0μg/kg～200 μg/kg范围内线性良好，检出限为0.03 μg/kg，空白土壤加标样测定的RSD为2.6%，回收率为95.4%～101%。
〖关键词〗五氯酚；索氏提取；气相色谱法；土壤
〖Abstract〗The pentachlorophenol in soils was determined by GC with Soxhlet extraction. The experimental conditions were optimized to produce the following results: good linearity in the range from 0 μg/kg to 200 μg/kg, the detection limits 0.03 μg/kg, the RSDs of the blank soils added standard samples 2.6%, and the recoveries from 95.4% to 101%.
〖Key words〗Pentachlorophenol; Soxhlet extraction; Gas chromatography; Soil
〖篇 名〗Landsat 7 SLC-OFF ETM遥感数据下载及
〖作 者〗在太湖蓝藻水华监测中的应用
〖机 构〗李旭文
〖机 构〗江苏省环境监测中心信息中心，江苏 南京210036
〖摘要〗利用互联网上USGS提供的公益性Landsat7 SLC-OFF ETM遥感数据下载服务，建立了太湖地区2003年—2008年 ETM遥感影像数据库，开展蓝藻水华面积解译和暴发特征分析。统计结果表明，2007年和2008年太湖蓝藻水华暴发呈加剧态势。
〖关键词〗Landsat 7；SLC-OFF；遥感影像；太湖；蓝藻水华监测
〖Abstract〗Based on the public welfare Landsat7 SLCOFF ETM data provided by US Geological Survey (USGS) data download service, a remote sensing image database was established to conduct the cyanbacteria algal outbreak interpretation and analysis of Lake Taihu region during the period of 2003 to 2008. Results showed that over the last two years of the period, the cyanbacteria algal bloom in Taihu Lake outbreak was exacerbated.
〖Key words〗 Landsat 7；SLC OFF; Remotele sensing image; Lake Taihu; Cyanobacteria blooming monitoring
〖篇 名〗环境气体标准样品量值的计算及不确定度分析
〖作 者〗刘涛, 樊强, 田文, 郭建, 范洁, 蒋辉
〖机 构〗环境保护部标准样品研究所，北京100029
依据《气体分析 校准气体混合物的制备 重量法》（1S0 6142-2001） 和《气体分析气体标准样品组成的测定和校验比较法》（ISO 6143-2001），阐述了环境气体标准样品不同定值方法的量值计算及不确定度来源，并比较了同一气体标准样品采用不同定值方法得到的不同量值结果及不确定度。
〖关键词〗环境气体；标准样品; 不确定度分析
〖Abstract〗The calculation and uncertainty were described to compare results of an identical environmental gas reference material detected by different quantitative analytical methods according to ISO 6142“Gas analysisPreparation of calibration gas mixtureGravimetric method” and ISO 6143“Gas analysisComparison methods for determining and checking the composition of calibration gas mixture”.
〖Key words〗Environmental gas； Reference materials; Uncertainty analysis
〖篇 名〗高架复合道路交通噪声时空分布规律研究
〖作 者〗仇丰1，施丽莉2
〖机 构〗1.华东勘测设计研究院，浙江 杭州310014； 2.杭州市环境监测中心站，浙江杭州310007
〖摘要〗通过对杭州市典型高架复合道路交通噪声监测，研究高架复合道路交通噪声的时空分布规律。结果表明，噪声与车流量、车辆类型及车速密切相关；噪声随着与高架路距离的增大，地面各测点的噪声值呈递减趋势；高架复合道路平直段与下坡路段的噪声在临街建筑竖直立面的分布规律基本一致，但在不同高度的影响程度上存在一定差异。
〖Abstract〗The spacetime distribution of the traffic noise of elevated highways was obtained in Hangzhou by environmental monitoring. The results of spacetime distribution showed the traffic noise was associated with traffic flow, types of vehicle and speed of vehicle. The ground noise of the measuring point decreased with increasing distance from the elevated highways. The vertical distribution rule of flat roads was similar to slope roads, but the noise differed from different height.
〖Key words〗Elevated highway; Noise; Spacetime distribution
〖篇 名〗重庆市主城区PM10与能见度相关性研究
〖作 者〗周志恩， 杨三明， 张丹， 张灿
〖机 构〗重庆市环境科学研究院，重庆401147
〖摘要〗分析了2000年以来重庆市主城区能见度变化趋势及 2006年PM10的污染现状，能见度和PM10质量浓度负相关，尤其采样期间的相关系数为－0.76。根据PM10源解析和PM10成分与能见度的相关性分析结果，提出应重点控制燃煤和机动车尾气污染。
〖关键词〗能见度；PM10 ；相关性；重庆市
〖Abstract〗The variety and trend of visibility from 2000 with PM10 pollution concentration in 2006 at Chongqing urban area were analyzed. The result showed that there was a distinct negative relativity between the visibility and the PM10 concentration, r-0.76 especially during the period of sampling. According to the PM10 source apportionment and the relativity between the PM10 chemical components and the visibility, it was proposed that priority pollutants to be controlled were coal dust and motor vehicle exhaust gas.
〖Key words〗Visibility；PM10；Relativity； Chongqing
〖篇 名〗环境突发事件中挥发性有机物监测仪器解析
〖作 者〗周灿平，裴冰
〖机 构〗上海市环境监测中心，上海200030
〖摘要〗简要介绍了挥发性有机物便携式监测仪器，评价了其在处置环境突发事件中所起的作用，并结合案例说明仪器的使用。
〖关键词〗环境突发事件；挥发性有机物；便携式监测仪器
〖Abstract〗The portable VOCs monitoring instruments were briefly introduced. The effect of these instruments in handling environmental emergencies was evaluated. The application of instruments based on a case study was described.
〖Key words〗Environmental emergency； Volatile organic compound； Portable monitoring instrument
