2009年第5期《环境监测管理与技术》目次及主要文章中英文摘要
太湖入湖河流水环境综合治理……………………………………张利民,孙卫红,程炜,等（1）
环境保护验收监测方案审核关注点………………………………………………… 常卫民（6）
环境样品中砷的形态分析………………………………… 徐晶晶，刘淑娟，罗明标,等（8）
硅藻指数在水环境监测与评价中的应用…………………………………刘俊琢，张成君（12）
兰州市大气污染对绿化树种叶绿素含量的影响……………………… 杜忠,陶玲,任珺（17）
1,2,4,5-四氯苯C18 Empore TM 膜/水分配系数的研究……………………王涛，林志芬（22）
不同提取剂提取酸性土壤有效态Cu和Cd的方法研究……… 贺静,林玉锁，刘鹏，等（25）
金昌市城区土壤重金属空间分布及潜在生态危害评价…… 黄璜,南忠仁，胡小娜，等（30）
上海内环高架沿线灰尘重金属污染分析与评价………… 王利，陈振楼，陈晓枫，等（35）
固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定生活污水中壬基酚……… 赵铖铖，王欣泽，鲁佳铭，等（39）
结晶紫-聚乙烯醇体系分光光度法测定水中溶解氧……… 沙鸥，许兴友，马卫兴，等（42）
内置式热解吸-气相色谱联用检测室内空气中TVOC……… 贾祥焱，王园园，顾永松（46）
固相萃取-GC/MS法测定蔬菜水果中烯酰吗啉残留量……… 王惠云，张爱美，刘永波（49）
气相色谱/质谱联用法测定水中甲萘威……………… 张平奇，杨丽莉，雷天学，等（52）
上海大气面源VOCs排放特征及其对O3的影响……… 李锦菊，伏晴艳，吴迓名，等（54）
淮南市春季大气PM10中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源………… 侯辉，郭清彬，程学丰(58)
熵权物元分析法在辐射环境监测优化布点中的应用
…………………………………………………………… 林鸿雁，张江山，林少玲，等（62）
气相色谱/质谱法测定修正液中的苯系物………………………………………… 姜晓辉（66）
·征订启事· （5）（21）（29）（38）
·征稿启事· （45）
主要文章中英文摘要
〖篇 名〗太湖入湖河流水环境综合治理
〖作 者〗张利民1,孙卫红2,程炜2,刘伟京2,王春2
〖机 构〗1.江苏省太湖水污染防治办公室，江苏 南京 210024； 2.江苏省环境科学研究院，江苏 南京 210036
〖摘 要〗简述了太湖入湖河流水污染控制的基本思路、关键环节和主要方法。分析了太湖流域15条主要入湖河流规划综合治理区污染源现状，提出污染控制对策建议和重点整治工程，并预测削减入湖河流的污染物总量。通过整治工程的实施，截至2009年5月，15条主要入湖河流中劣Ⅴ类水质的河流已从2007年的9条下降为3条，湖体也由中度富营养转为轻度富营养，综合治理初见成效。
〖关键词〗太湖; 入湖河流; 水环境治理
〖Abstract〗key teches and main methods were put forward basic on water pollution control of inflowing rivers of Lake Taihu. The pollutant source situation in the comprehensive treatment zone of the 15 major inflowing rivers was analyzed for pollution control suggestion and main projects to forecast amount of reducing pollutants into the Lake. By the May 2009 among the 15 major inflow rivers, regulating projects had improved 6 of 9 rivers whose water quality were worse than Grade V and changed waterbody eutrophication of the Lake from medium level into light level. The comprehensive treatment of Lake Taihu water guality had achieved initial success.
〖Key words〗
〖篇 名〗环境样品中砷的形态分析
〖作 者〗徐晶晶，刘淑娟，罗明标*，郭国龙
〖机 构〗东华理工大学应用化学系，江西 抚州 344000
〖摘 要〗从砷的提取、不同形态砷的色谱分离和检测技术等3个方面综述了环境样品中砷的形态分析研究进展，指出发展简便、快速的分离富集技术及高灵敏性、高选择性的检测方法是今后的研究重点。
〖关键词〗砷；形态分析；环境样品；固体样品
〖Abstract〗The development of Arsenic morphology in environmental samples was described from extraction of Arsenic, chromatographic separation of different Arsenic morphology and detective technique. The research keys were at development of simple, fast separating and concentrating technique as well as high sensitive and selective analytic methods in the future.
〖Key words〗Arsenic; Morphological analysis; Environmental samples; Solid sample
〖篇 名〗硅藻指数在水环境监测与评价中的应用
〖作 者〗刘俊琢，张成君
〖机 构〗兰州大学资源环境学院，甘肃 兰州 730000
〖摘要〗介绍了硅藻种类组成对水环境状态的指示作用及硅藻指数法的基本原理，通过比较、分析发现：硅藻属指数适用于综合评价亚热带、热带地区的水体污染程度；硅藻模型相似性指数适用于评价气候稳定地区的水污染状况；生物硅藻指数适用范围广，稳定性最好；湖泊富营养化硅藻指数、营养指数、富营养化硅藻指数均为可靠的水体富营养化评价指数。指出目前硅藻的分类与鉴定体系不够完善，还应开展研究消除季节变化对硅藻指数方法稳定性的影响。
〖关键词〗硅藻指数；生物监测；水质评价
〖Abstract〗The indicative function of water quality by diatom community and basic principle of diatoms index method were described. By comparison and analysis it was found the variety of diatom assemblage in quantity by mathematical methods was applied to evaluate the water pollution in the tropics and subtropics areas. Similarity index of diatom model was suitable to evaluate water pollution in the areas with stable climate. Biological diatom index had wide applicable scope and best stability. Lake eutrophication diatom index, index of nutrition, eutrophication diatom index were reliable methods for water eutrophication evaluation. At present classification and identification system of diatoms were not perfect and still manage to eliminate seasonal change on the stability of diatoms index method.
〖Key words〗Diatom indices; Biomonitoring; Water quality assessment
〖篇 名〗兰州市大气污染对绿化树种叶绿素含量的影响
〖作 者〗杜忠1, 陶玲2, 任珺2
〖机 构〗1.中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 四川 成都 610041;
2.兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070
〖摘要〗为了筛选出兰州市大气污染的抗性树种和敏感监测树种，对树种的叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量进行了测定，运用spss11.5软件分析。研究发现：同一绿化树种在不同功能区的叶绿素含量不同，存在极显著性的差异。随着功能区污染程度的加深，绿化树种的叶绿素含量（ωa、ωb、ωa+ωb）呈现减小的趋势，但叶绿素ωa/ωb值却呈现增大的趋势。绿化树种抗污染能力为：杨树>小叶黄杨>椿树>国槐>圆柏，兰州市主要功能区的污染程度为：兰炼厂区>兰化厂区>橡胶厂>西关>西站>交大>兴隆山。
〖关键词〗绿化树种；叶绿素含量；空气污染；兰州市
〖Abstract〗In order to screen out resistant plant species and sensitive monitoring plant species, five major urban greening tree species in different polluted areas were chosen, and the chlorophyll a, b contents were tested and data was analyzed by spss11.5 software. The research indicated that the chlorophyll contents of greening trees in different pollution areas varied from each other and had remarkable significance. The chlorophyll contents （ωa、ωb、ωa+ωb） of each greening tree species decreased significantly with the increasing pollution degree of investigated regions, but the numerical value of chlorophyll a, b showed the opposite tendency. The potential pollution tolerance ability of different greening tree species appeared in the order of: Polar, Buxus microphylla, Ailanthus altissima, Sorphora japonica, Sabina chinensis. Totally, the pollution of investigated regions could be ranked as: The Oil Refining Plant, The Chemical Plant, The Rubber Plant, Xiguan station, Xizhan station, LanZhou Jiaotong University, Xinglongshan Mountain.
〖Key words〗Greening tree species; Chlorophyll content; Air pollution; Lanzhou
〖篇 名〗1,2,4,5-四氯苯C18 EmporeTM膜/水分配系数的研究
〖作 者〗王涛1， 林志芬2*
〖机 构〗1．中国科学院南海海洋研究所热带海洋环境动力学重点实验室，广东 广州510301；2．同济大学环境科学与工程学院，上海200092
〖摘要〗研究了1,2,4,5-四氯苯在C18 膜/水相之间的分配规律。1,2,4,5-四氯苯在 25 ℃，80 r/min 条件下恒温震荡 96 h可达分配平衡,温度和盐度对 1,2,4,5-四氯苯C18 膜/水的分配过程影响很小,1,2,4,5-四氯苯C18 膜/水分配平衡时间受溶液体积和容器容积的影响，但不受溶液中 C18 膜膜量的影响，推测脂溶性小于或接近 1,2,4,5-四氯苯的有机污染物在恒温震荡条件下 C18 膜与水之间的分配 96 h可达到平衡。
〖关键词〗C18 EmporeTM 膜；分配系数；1,2,4,5-四氯苯
〖Abstract〗The partition between C18 membrane and water of 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrachlorobenzene was studied. The results showed that partition equilibrium was established in 96 hours at 25 ℃，80 r/min with little effect by temperature and salinity. The volumes of solution and container affected time of the partition equilibrium but the mass of C18 membrane not. It was supposed that the partition equilibrium between C18 membrane and water was reached within 96 hours for those organic pollutants which polarities were less than or similar to 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrachlorobenzene in the condition of constant temperature and oscillating.
〖Key words〗C18 EmporeTM membrane；Partition coefficients；1, 2, 4, 5-tetrachlorobenzene
〖篇 名〗不同提取剂提取酸性土壤有效态Cu和Cd的方法研究
〖作 者〗贺静1,2, 林玉锁2，刘鹏2，张孝飞2，冯艳红2，陈伟伟2，章瑞英2
〖机 构〗1.南京农业大学资源与环境学院，江苏 南京 210095； 2.环境保护部南京环境科学研究所，国家环境保护土壤环境管理与污染控制重点实验室，江苏 南京 210042
〖摘要〗选择HCl（1#）、HOAc（2#）、NaNO3（3#） 和CaCl2（4#）、NH4OAc（5#）、NaOAc（6#）6种不同的提取剂提取某冶炼厂周边重金属污染水稻田土壤中有效态Cu和Cd。结果表明，对土壤有效态 Cu，各提取剂按提取量排序为：1#>2#>5#>4#>3#>6#，对土壤有效态 Cd，各提取剂按提取量排序为：1#>5#>2#≈4#>6#>3#，有效态Cu的提取量因提取剂种类不同差异较Cd 大；4#、5# 两种提取剂对土壤有效态Cu和Cd的提取结果变异范围较集中，实验结果相对较稳定；各提取剂提取土壤有效态 Cu 和Cd的量与其在土壤中全量都显著相关，仅5# 提取剂的提取量与水稻籽粒中Cu、Cd的质量比显著相关。综合实验结果的稳定性与土壤重金属有效态的实际意义， NH4OAc（5#）为最适合提取该研究土壤中有效态Cu和Cd的提取剂。
〖关键词〗土壤;有效态Cu;有效态 Cd;提取剂;水稻
〖Abstract〗The six extractants chosed to extract available copper and cadmium from heavy metal polluted soils around a smelter. The extractants were HCl(1#),HOAc(2#),NaNO3(3#) and CaCl2(4#),NH4OAc(5#) and NaOAc(6#). The results showed that CaCl2(4#), NH4OAc(5#) had lower coefficients of variation (CV)for both copper and cadmium. The sequence of extraction contents for copper was 1#>2#>5#>4#>3#>6#, andforcadmiumwas1#>5#>2#≈4#>6#>3#. The study also showed that the kinds of the extractions had relatively smaller influences on cadmium than copper. The contents of available copper and cadmium in soil extracted by all the six extractions had significant correlation with the total contents of copper and cadmium in soils, but only the contents of available copper and cadmium extracted by NH4OAc（5#）had significant correlations with the contents of Cu and Cd in rice grains. NH4OAc was the best extractant for available copper and cadmium from studied soils.
〖Key words〗Soil; Available copper; Available cadmium; Extractant; Rice
〖篇 名〗金昌市城区土壤重金属空间分布及潜在生态危害评价
〖作 者〗黄璜,南忠仁，胡小娜,刘晓文,李媛,丁海霞
〖机 构〗兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室资源环境学院,甘肃 兰州 730000
〖摘要〗通过对金昌市区范围内74处土壤的取样研究分析，结果表明：Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn5种重金属平均含量均超过当地土壤背景值，其中以Cu和Ni最为显著，其平均含量分别达到430 mg/kg和361 mg/kg；5种重金属变异系数均较大，其中Cu和Ni变异系数达到了115%和123%，属强变异性；采用克立格最优内插法得到金昌市表层土壤重金属含量的空间分布图，发现Cu和Ni呈局部污染态势，矿业开采和金属冶炼加工等工业活动是Cu和Ni最大的污染源；Pb、Zn和Cd在整个研究区域内都有积累，工矿活动和交通运输是金昌市Pb、Zn和Cd的共同污染源。潜在生态危害评价结果表明，该地区重金属污染已构成中度生态危害。
〖关键词〗金昌市；重金属；克立格插值；潜在生态危害评价;土壤
〖Abstract〗The 74 soil samples were analyzed from Jinchang urban area. The results showed that the average concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn were more than the local background levels, especially Cu 430 mg/kg and Ni 361 mg/kg. The variation of coefficients of the five elements were all in high levels, and Cu 115% and Ni 123%, to show strong variability. Sketchmaps of spatial distributions of the five heavy metals were obtained by Kriging interpolation to indicate that mining and smelting had caused local pollution of Cu and Ni. The elements of Pb, Zn and Cd were obviously accumulated in the whole urban area. The industrial activities and transportation had brought about; intermediate ecological risk of heavy metal pollution.
〖Key words〗Jinchang; Heavy metals; Kriging interpolation; Potential ecological risk assessment; Soils
〖篇 名〗上海内环高架沿线灰尘重金属污染分析与评价
〖作 者〗王利1，陈振楼2，陈晓枫1，史贵涛2，沈军2
〖机 构〗1.复旦大学分析测试中心，上海 200433；2.华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室，上海200062
〖摘要〗对上海市内环高架沿线街道灰尘重金属污染进行了调查，结果表明，与道路交通因素相关的重金属Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn均具有较高的含量水平，分别为上海市土壤背景值的9.3倍，7.5倍，9.0倍和8.8倍。除了重金属Hg以外，其他7种重金属平均含量均表现为浦西段高于浦东段，说明内环高架浦西段相对于浦东段具有较高的重金属积累。而污染指数评价的结果也表明了上述4种重金属的污染程度超过了其他重金属，已经达到了中度污染水平。
〖关键词〗内环高架道路；重金属污染；灰尘；上海市
〖Abstract〗The pollution of heavy metal in street dust along innerring overhead highway in Shanghai was studied. The contents of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn were higher levels and reached 9.3 times, 7.5 times, 9.0 times and 8.8 times of the soil background value in Shanghai city respectively. Except for Hg the contents of 7 heavy metals in Puxi district were higher than those in Pudong district to indicate higher heavy metals accumulation of west parts than east parts in the innerring overhead highway. The results of geoaccumulation index evaluation showed the Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn pollution had reached medium pollution levels.
〖Key words〗Innerring overhead highway; Heavy metal pollution; Dust; Shanghai
〖篇 名〗固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定生活污水中壬基酚
〖作 者〗赵铖铖，王欣泽，鲁佳铭，孔海南
〖机 构〗上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院，上海200240
〖摘要〗采用固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定生活污水中的壬基酚，优化了萃取纤维涂层材料、萃取时间与温度、解析时间与温度、盐度、pH值、搅拌速度等试验参数。方法在0.001 mg/L～1.00 mg/L范围内线性良好，检出限为0.000 6 mg/L，标准溶液平行测定的RSD为7.6%，生活污水加标回收率为42.7%～74.0%。
〖关键词〗壬基酚；固相微萃取；气相色谱法；生活污水
〖Abstract〗A method of gas chromatography with solid phase microextraction was applied for determination of nonylphenols in domestic sewerage. Test parameters were optimized such as fiber coating, extraction time and temperature, desorption time and temperature, salinity, pH as well as stirring speed to produce following results: good linearity in the range from 0.001 mg/L to 1.00 mg/L and the detective limits 0.000 6 mg/L; The RSD of standard solution parallel samples 7.6%. The recoveries of domestic sewerage from 42.7% to 74.0%.
〖Key words〗Nonylphenols; Solid phase microextraction; Gas chromatography; Domestic sewerage
〖篇 名〗结晶紫-聚乙烯醇体系分光光度法测定水中溶解氧
〖作 者〗沙鸥1，2，许兴友1，2，马卫兴1，2，郭妍3，龚强1
〖机 构〗1.淮海工学院化学工程学院，江苏 连云港 222005； 2.江苏省海洋生物技术重点建设实验室，江苏 连云港 222005； 3.连云港金兆水务有限公司，江苏 连云港 222005〖摘要〗在碘量法测定水中溶解氧的基础上，利用I-3与结晶紫在聚乙烯醇存在下结合成电中性的离子缔合物，以碘酸钾为标准溶液，与过量碘化钾反应生成碘，加入结晶紫后在550 nm处有最大吸收的原理测定水中溶解氧，优化了试验条件，考察了共存离子的干扰。方法在0.002 7 mg/L～0.55 mg/L范围内符合比尔定律，检出限为0.001 1 mg/L，蒸馏水平行测定的RSD≤0.2%，加标回收率为100%～101%，实际水样测定与碘量法和溶解氧测定仪结果一致。
〖关键词〗溶解氧；结晶紫；聚乙烯醇；分光光度法；水质
〖Abstract〗The method was established for determining dissolved oxygen in water by I-3 -I-crystal violetPVA spectrophotometry. A ionassociation complex (maximum absorbance at 550 nm) was formed after the reaction of I-3 and crystal violet to determine DO in water. Test conditions were optimized and interfere of coexistence ions were observed to produce following results: Beer's law was obeyed at the DO concentration from 0.002 7 mg/L to 0.55 mg/L; the detective limits 0.001 1 mg/L; RSD of distilled water parallel samples ≤0.2%;the recoveries of spiked samples from 100% to 101%; water samples detective results in agreement with those results of Winkler method and dissolved oxygen meter method.
〖Key words〗Dissolved oxygen; Crystal violet; Polyvinyl alcohol；Spectrophotometry;
〖篇 名〗内置式热解吸-气相色谱联用检测室内空气中TVOC
〖作 者〗贾祥焱，王园园，顾永松
〖机 构〗江苏省建筑工程质量检测中心有限公司，江苏 南京 210028
〖摘要〗采用内置式热解吸-气相色谱联用检测室内空气中总挥发性有机物，介绍了内置式热解吸进样的优点。建立了苯、甲苯、乙酸丁酯、乙苯、对（间）二甲苯、苯乙烯、邻二甲苯、正十一烷等典型有机污染物的外标曲线，各组分相关系数R2为0.999 2～1，考察了方法重复性，6次平行试验的RSD为0.8%～1.4%。
〖关键词〗总挥发性有机物；内置式热解吸；气相色谱法；室内空气
〖Abstract〗The GC with built in thermal desorption was applied for determination of total volatile organic compounds in indoor air. The advantage of builtin thermal desorption injection was described. The standard curves of typical organic pollutants were established such as Benzene, Toluene, Butyl acetate, Ethylbenzene, p-Xylene, m-Xylene, o-Xylene, Styrene and Undecane. The correlation coefficients of compounds R2 ranged from 0.999 2 to 1. The repeatability of method was observed and RSD of six parallel tests ranged from 0.8% to 1.4%.
〖Key words〗TVOC; Builtin thermal desorption; Gas chromatography; Indoor air
〖篇 名〗固相萃取-GC/MS法测定蔬菜水果中烯酰吗啉残留量
〖作 者〗王惠云1，张爱美2，刘永波1，*
〖机 构〗1.青岛市城市排水监测站，山东 青岛 266002；2.德祥科技有限公司山东办事处，山东 青岛266021
〖摘要〗采用固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定蔬菜水果中烯酰吗啉残留，优化了试验条件。方法在0.100 mg/L～5.00 mg/L范围内线性良好，最低检出限为0.002 0 mg/kg，实际样品测定的RSD≤4.6%，基质加标回收率为86.0%～96.0%。
〖关键词〗烯酰吗啉；固相萃取；气相色谱/质谱联用法；蔬菜；水果
〖Abstract〗Dimethomorph residue in vegetables and fruits was detected by GC/MS with solid phase extraction. The experimental conditions were optimized to produce the following results: good linearity in the range from 0.100 mg/L to 5.00 mg/L, the detection limits 0.002 0 mg/kg, the RSDs of samples test ≤4.6%, the spiked recoveries of matrix from 86.0% to 96.0%.
〖Key words〗Dimethomorph; SPE; GC/MS; Vegetable; Fruit
〖篇 名〗上海大气面源VOCs排放特征及其对O3的影响
〖作 者〗李锦菊， 伏晴艳， 吴迓名， 陆涛， 杨冬青
〖机 构〗上海市环境监测中心, 上海200030
〖摘要〗上海市大气污染物排放清单确定了14类大气面源，其VOCs 排放总量2.65×108 kg/a。采用EPA TO-15 VOCs分析方法获得112种组分，根据 VOCs的O3生成活性系数MIR，结合VOCs 排放量和VOCs组分构成比，计算出上海大气面源的O3最大生成量为1.063×109 kg/a。其中，涂料使用和间-二甲苯，对-二甲苯是上海大气环境O3污染应首要控制的VOCs。
〖关键词〗大气面源；挥发性有机物； 臭氧；上海市
〖Abstract〗14 kinds of atmospheric area sources were classified in Shanghai Emission List, and total VOCs emission of these area sources was 265 Gg/a with the 112 compounds identified by the way of lab analysis method of EPA TO-15. Based on MIR, the activity index of O3 generation of VOCs, emission of VOCs and VOCs composition ratio, it calculated that O3 could be maximum produced by 1 063 Gg/a. The m-xylene and p-xylene in the painting and coating should be firstly controlled among the VOCs of Shanghai.
〖Key words〗Area sources；VOCs；O3；Shanghai
〖篇 名〗淮南市春季大气PM10中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源
〖作 者〗侯辉，郭清彬，程学丰
〖机 构〗安徽理工大学地球与环境学院，安徽 淮南232001
〖摘要〗2008年4月—2008年6月对淮南市的5个采样点PM10连续采样，分析了其中多环芳烃（PAHs）。PAHs质量浓度的最大值和最小值分别为112 ng/m3和15.2 ng/m3，PAHs春季质量浓度均值为40.2 ng/m3； PAHs组成以4环和5环为主；春季不同采样点PAHs质量浓度与环境温度呈负相关关系，运用PAHs比值综合判断，淮南市春季大气PM10中PAHs主要来源于燃煤和机动车尾气。
〖关键词〗可吸入颗粒物；多环芳烃；源解析；淮南市
〖Abstract〗The inhalable particulates samples were collected from April to June in 2008 at Huainan, and 16 kinds of PAHs were analyzed. The maximum concentration of PAHs was 112 ng/m3, and minimum concentration 15.2 ng/m3, average concentrations 40.2 ng/m3 in three months of the spring. The concentrations were different in different sampling sites. Four and fiverings were a large majority of PAHs. The negative correlation was found between PAHs concentrations and temperature at different sampling sites in the spring. Source identification and apportionment of PAHs were processed by ration method to show that coal burning and vehicle emissions were the major sources of Anhui Huainan.
〖Key words〗Inhalable particulate; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Source apportionment； Huainan
〖篇 名〗熵权物元分析法在辐射环境监测优化布点中的应用
〖作 者〗林鸿雁1，张江山1，林少玲2，温烨明1
〖机 构〗1.福建师范大学环境科学与工程学院，福建 福州 350007；
2.福建师范大学福清分校数学与计算机科学系，福建 福清 350300
〖摘要〗应用物元分析理论和熵权法，建立了辐射环境监测优化布点的理论模型并应用于实际，对辐射环境监测布点方法作了改进。
〖关键词〗物元分析； 关联函数； 优化布点；辐射监测
〖Abstract〗The theoretic model of optimized sampling sites was established by substance element analysis and coefficient of entropy for environmental radiation monitoring to improve the method of sampling sites selection.
〖Key words〗Substance element analysis; Related function; Optimizing sampling sites; Radiation monitoring
