创新监测科研管理 推进环境监测发展……………………………………… 张涛,熊光陵(1)
完善应急监测网络 提高环境管理能力……………………………………………邱祖楠(4)
危险化学品事故应急反应大气扩散模型及系统概述………………张建文，安宇，魏利军（7）
突发性水污染事件损失的系统分析……………………………… 侯瑜，郑鹏凯，张天柱（12）
环境监测QA/QC信息系统的开发与应用…………………… 杨冬雪，郭伟，刘用清，等（15）
武江（乐昌段）水体底泥重金属污染调查 ……………… 杨清伟，蓝崇钰，束文圣，等(18)
合肥市饮用水和水源水中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染现状调查…… 张付海，张敏，朱余，等(22)
苏州市区夜间光污染现状调查…………………………………………… 陈亢利，张铭连(25)
甲基紫光度法测定水中十二烷基磺酸钠………………………………… 冯泳兰，陈素林(28)
固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定地表水中硝基苯类化合物……………………… 苏晓燕(30)
石墨炉原子吸收法测定降水中重金属…………………… 唐信英，郑有飞，吴荣军，等(32)
钢罐采样-GC/MS法测定隧道空气中VOCs…………………… 吴迓名，戴军升，周亚康(35)
塑料管中氧化-气相分子吸收光谱法测定水中氨氮…………………… 吴卓智，莫怡玉(38)
氯化钡浸提法测定土壤可交换酸度……………………………… 童桂凤，谢继征，高娟(41)
高效液相色谱法同时测定海水中孔雀石绿和无色孔雀石绿
……………………………………………………………… 桂英爱，王洪军，马琳，等(44)
江苏省12大湖泊水环境现状与污染控制建议……………张利民，夏明芳，王春，等（46）
南京市生态系统服务价值评估……………………………… 梅卓华，孙洁梅，张哲海（51）
重量法测定粉尘中游离SiO2探讨…………………………… 赵朝立，郭学伟，王东锋（54）
环境质量综合指数法在江苏省建设小康社会综合评价中的应用………………… 陈媛（56）
关于垃圾填埋场渗滤液的大肠菌值指标的探讨………………… 张迪生，赵春霞，金鑫(58)
·简讯· （6）
2008年第2期《环境监测管理与技术》主要文章中英文摘要
〖篇 名〗创新监测科研管理 推进环境监测发展
〖作 者〗张涛, 熊光陵
〖机 构〗江苏省环境监测中心，江苏 南京 210036
〖摘 要〗简述了江苏省环境监测中心在科研管理方面的经验和体会。提出了以科研推动监测事业发展的指导思想，在科研管理工作中不断采取有效措施，调动、激励科技人员的积极性，环境监测科研技术已形成一定的规模，一批实用型科研成果的应用，全面提升了监测科研水平，为江苏省环境质量的改善提供了有力的技术支持。
〖关键词〗环境监测;科研管理;技术创新
〖Abstract〗The practices and experiences of the Jiangsu environmental monitoring centre in the management of scientific research were described. The guiding ideology for promoting monitoring development by scientific research and taking effective measures to inspire the enthusiasm of scientific and technological staffs in the management of scientific research work were proposed. The environmental monitoring scientific research and technology has formed a certain scale. A number of practical scientific research findings provided a strong technical support for the improvement of Jiangsu environmental quality.
〖Key words〗Environmental monitoring; Scientific research management; Technology Innovation
〖篇 名〗完善应急监测网络 提高环境管理能力
〖作 者〗邱祖楠
〖机 构〗广东省环境保护监测中心站，广东 广州 510045
〖摘 要〗阐述了建立广东省环境应急监测网络的重要性，以及加大对环境应急监测网络建设投入、配套信息系统及公告制度建设的要求、方法、程序，并从完善应急监测网络，建立应急监测法规体系，加强应急监测队伍建设等方面对广东省环境应急监测体系的发展方向进行了探讨。
〖关键词〗突发环境事件；应急监测网络；泛珠三角区域
〖Abstract〗The importance of estabishment of environmental emergency monitoring network in Guangdong province was described. The investment for environmental emergency monitoring network should be enlarged. The request, method and procedure of its information system, announcement system should be improved. The regulation and staff duty for emergency monitoring were also discussed.
〖Key words〗Environmental emergency incidents; Emergency monitoring network; Panpearl river delta
〖篇 名〗危险化学品事故应急反应大气扩散模型及系统概述
〖作 者〗张建文1，安宇2，魏利军3
〖机 构〗1．北京化工大学经济管理学院，北京 100029； 2．北京化工大学化学工程学院，北京 100029；3．中国安全生产科学研究院，北京 100029
〖摘 要〗介绍了大气扩散模型的类型，以及当前应用较为广泛的SLAB、DEGADIS、ALOHA、ARCHIE等应急反应大气扩散模型，概述了当前国际上较为知名的HGSYSTEM系统、NAME系统、SAFER系统、NARAC实时操作应急系统、CAMEO系统、GASTAR系统、GASMAL系统的结构与应用进展。指出应加强应急反应大气扩散模型和系统的研究与应用，建立健全应急反应体系，实现对突发性化学事故的有效控制。
〖关键词〗环境事故；大气扩散模型；应急反应系统；危险化学品
〖Abstract〗The types of atmosphere model were introduced as well as the current widespread used emergency response atmosphere diffusion models such as SLAB, DEGADIS, ALOHA, ARCHIE and so on. The structures and developments of wellknown HGSYSTEM system, the NAME system, the SAFER system, the NARAC realtime operation emergency system, the CAMEO system, the GASTAR system, the GASMAL system were described. The establishment of perfect emergency response system should base on the model and system of emergency response atmosphere diffusion to realize emergency chemistry accident control.
〖Key words〗Environmental accidents; Atmosphere diffusion model; Emergency response system; Dangerous chemical
〖篇 名〗突发性水污染事件损失的系统分析
〖作 者〗侯瑜， 郑鹏凯， 张天柱
〖机 构〗清华大学环境科学与工程系，北京 100084
〖摘 要〗构建了突发水污染事件损失的系统分析方法，并应用于松花江事件。分析表明，特征污染物排放事故导致了严重水体污染。水体污染影响的主要受体有：农作物、畜牧、水产品、旅游（从景观角度）、水生生态（包括底泥）、供水水源（包括集中供水水源和分散供水水源）。经济损失包括经济活动损失、健康损失、生态损失和生产安全事故损失。
〖关键词〗突发水污染；时空边界；受体
〖Abstract〗The systematic analysis method on effect of water pollution accident was developed, and then applied it to Songhuajiang Incident evaluation. It was indicated that spilled contaminants lead to tremendous water pollution. Polluted water probably influenced crops, farming, aquatic product, tourism, water ecology, water supply source. Economic loss consists of economic activity loss, health loss, ecological loss and safety loss.
〖Key words〗Water pollution accident; Time and space limit; Receiptor
〖篇 名〗武江（乐昌段）水体底泥重金属污染调查
〖作 者〗杨清伟1，蓝崇钰2，束文圣2，李慧2
〖机 构〗1.重庆交通大学河海学院，四川 重庆 400074；2.中山大学生命科学学院，广东 广州 510275
〖摘 要〗对武江乐昌段由上游矿山废水排泄沟、中游霜降河和下游武江段3段水道底泥中Pb、Zn、Cu进行测定。结果表明，Pb的质量比为2.54×103 mg/kg、1.33×103 mg/kg和30.7 mg/kg，Zn的质量比为1.01×103 mg/kg、2.48×103 mg/kg和156 mg/kg，Cu的质量比为42.9 mg/kg、68.8 mg/kg和69.4 mg/kg。3段支水道底泥污染负荷指数（IPL值）分别是14.0、10.6和1.46，整个区域IPL值为6.19，达到极强度污染程度。Pb、Zn总体污染程度比Cu严重，对武江乐昌段及其下游地区存在潜在生态风险。指出，霜降河和废水排泄沟段底泥不能农用，需特别谨慎地疏浚、转运和处置，而武江段底泥则可农用。
〖关键词〗重金属污染；底泥； 污染负荷指数；武江乐昌段
〖Abstract〗The Pb, Zn and Cu were detected in the surface sediments on upriver of wastewater drainage canal from Lechang mine, the middle river of Shuangjiang stream and downriver of Wujiang river. The results indicated that rates between heavy metal concentration and national control standards for the Pb in sludge were 2.54×103 mg/kg,1.33×103 mg/kg and 30.7 mg/kg, that for the Zn 1.01×103 mg/kg, 2.48×103 mg/kg and 156 mg/kg，that for the Cu 42.9 mg/kg, 68.8 mg/kg and 69.4 mg/kg. The pollution load index (IPL) of surface sediments on the 3 parts of Wujiang river was 14.0, 10.6 and 1.46 separately and showed heavy pollution. The sediments on the upriver and Shuangjiang stream could not be directly used for agriculture and should be carefully dredged, transported and treated. The sediments on the downriver of Wujiang river could be used for agriculture. The pollution levels of Pb and Zn were higher than that of Cu and it posed potential ecological risk for the local and downriver areas of Wujiang river.
〖Key words〗Heavy metal pollution; Sediment; Pollution load index (IPL); Lechang section of Wujiang river
〖篇 名〗甲基紫光度法测定水中十二烷基磺酸钠
〖作 者〗冯泳兰，陈素林
〖机 构〗衡阳师范学院化学与材料科学系，湖南 衡阳 421008
〖摘 要〗在氢氧化钠介质中，基于甲基紫与十二烷基磺酸钠的显色反应，建立了甲基紫光度法测定水中十二烷基磺酸钠的方法，确定了最佳试验条件，试验了共存离子的影响。方法在0 mg/L～48 mg/L范围内线性关系良好，检出限为0.190 mg/L，应用于模拟水样和环境水样中十二烷基磺酸钠的测定，结果与国标方法亚甲蓝法相吻合。
〖关键词〗十二烷基磺酸钠；甲基紫；分光光度法；水质
〖Abstract〗Based on color reaction of methyl violet and sodium dodecylsulfonate in the sodium hydroxide solution，the method was established for determination of sodium dodecylsulfonate in the water. The best test condition was confirmed and the coexistence ion influence was tested. The cllibration curve was good linear in the range of 0 mg/L～ 48 mg/L and limit of detection was 0.190 mg/L. The results of sodium dodecylsulfonate determination in the simulation water samples and the environment water samples equaled to that of GB methylen blue.
〖Key words〗Sodium dodecyl sulfonate; Methyl violet; Spectrophotometry; Water quality
〖篇 名〗固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定地表水中硝基苯类化合物
〖作 者〗苏晓燕
〖机 构〗无锡市环境监测中心站，江苏 无锡 214023
〖摘 要〗建立了固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱测定地表水中硝基苯类化合物的方法，优化了试验条件。方法线性良好，10种硝基苯类化合物的检出限为0.05μg/L～0.15 μg/L，实际样品测定的RSD为1.7%～5.0%，平均加标回收率为80.8%～117%。
〖关键词〗硝基苯类化合物；固相萃取；气相色谱法；地表水
〖Abstract〗The method was established for determination of nitrobenzene compounds in surface water by capillary gas chromatography with solid phase extraction. After test condition was optimized there were good linearity relations between the nitrobenzene compounds and instrumental responds, the detective limits of 10 nitrobenzene compounds were 0.05 μg/L～0.15 μg/L separately, the RSD of samples 1.7%～5.0%，the average recoveries 80.8%～117%.
〖Key words〗Nitrobenzene compounds; SPE; Gas chromatography; Surface water
〖篇 名〗石墨炉原子吸收法测定降水中重金属
〖作 者〗唐信英1，2，郑有飞1，吴荣军1，徐建强1
〖机 构〗1.南京信息工程大学环境科学工程学院，江苏 南京 210044；2.中国气象局成都高原气象研究所，四川 成都 610071
〖摘 要〗建立了石墨炉原子吸收测定大气降水中Pb、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd的方法，优化了试验条件。方法线性良好，7种元素的检出限为0.54 μg/L～2.2 μg/L，RSD为3.0%～7.3%，加标回收率为101%～105%，实际降水样品的测定结果令人满意。
〖关键词〗重金属；石墨炉原子吸收法；降水
〖Abstract〗The method of graphite atomic absorption spectrophotometry was established for determination of Pb,Mn,Fe,Zn,Cu,Cr and Cd in precipitation. The test condition was optimized and good linearity was obtained. The detective limits of the 7 elements were 0.54 μg/L～2.2 μg/L，the RSD 3.0%～7.3%，the recoveries 101%～105%.The determination results of practical precipitation sample were satisfying.
〖Key words〗Heavy metals; Graphite atomic absorption spectrophotometry; Precipitation
〖篇 名〗钢罐采样-GC/MS法测定隧道空气中VOCs
〖作 者〗吴迓名，戴军升，周亚康
〖机 构〗上海市环境监测中心，上海 200030
〖摘 要〗使用PAMS和TO-15混合标准气体，采用钢罐采样-气相色谱/质谱法监测上海市某越江隧道空气中挥发性有机物，介绍了采样和测定方法，试验共检出78种化合物，查明了隧道空气中挥发性有机物的种类和组成。
〖关键词〗挥发性有机物；气相色谱/质谱法；隧道；空气
〖Abstract〗The PAMS and mixed standard gases of TO-15 method were used to detect the VOCs in the air of Shanghai tunnel under the Huangpu river by canister sampling-GC/MS. The method of sampling and detection was told. 78 chemicals were found to show the composition of volatile organic compounds in the tunnel air.
〖Key words〗VOCs；GC/MS；Tunnel；Air
〖篇 名〗塑料管中氧化-气相分子吸收光谱法测定水中氨氮
〖作 者〗吴卓智，莫怡玉
〖机 构〗湛江市海洋与渔业环境监测站，广东 湛江 524039
〖摘 要〗建立了塑料管中氧化-气相分子吸收光谱测定水中氨氮的方法，消除了玻璃容器中杂质的干扰。方法空白值低，检出限为0.006 mg/L，测定实际水样的精密度≤3.0%，加标回收率为98.4%～104%，与次溴酸盐氧化-分光光度法作比对，结果基本一致。
〖关键词〗塑料管；氧化；气相分子吸收光谱法；氨氮；水质
〖Abstract〗The oxidize gas phase molecular absorption spectrum with plastic tube was established for determination of ammonia nitrogen in water to eliminate impurity disturbance of glass vessels. The blank value of the method was low, the limit of detection 0.006 mg/L, RSD of practical water sample ≤3.0%, the recoveries 98.4%～104%. The results of this method equal to that of hypobromite oxidationspectrophotometric method.
〖Key words〗Plastic tube; Oxidation; Gas phase molecular absorption spectrum method; Ammonia nitrogen; Water quality
〖篇 名〗氯化钡浸提法测定土壤可交换酸度
〖作 者〗童桂凤，谢继征，高娟
〖机 构〗扬州市环境监测中心站，江苏 扬州 225007
〖摘 要〗建立了氯化钡浸提测定酸性土壤可交换酸度的方法，优化了水土比、土壤粒度、浸提液质量浓度、浸提次数、震荡时间等试验参数。方法检出限为0.016 cmol/kg，经重复性和再现性检验表明精密度良好。该方法可同时用于土壤可交换性氢和可交换性铝的测定。
〖关键词〗可交换酸度；氯化钡；浸提；土壤
〖Abstract〗The method was established for testing soil exchangeable acidity by immersed extraction with barium chloride solution. The parameters were optimized such as ratio of water and soil, particle diameter, concentration of extraction liquid, extraction times, vibration time. The detective limit was 0.016 cmol/kg. The precision was good with tests of explicability and reproducibility. The method can be used to measure exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum in soil.
〖Key words〗 Exchangeable acidity; Barium chloride; Immersed extraction; Soil
〖篇 名〗江苏省12大湖泊水环境现状与污染控制建议
〖作 者〗张利民， 夏明芳， 王春， 张磊， 陆继来
〖机 构〗江苏省环境科学研究院，江苏省环境工程重点实验室，江苏 南京 210036
〖摘 要〗江苏面积大于50 km2的12个湖泊的水质恶化、面积减少、富营养化、湖泊生态系统退化与湖泊受TP、TN的污染和围湖造田等有关。经济快速发展，第二产业结构偏重,排放污染的总量超过湖泊承载力,湖泊底泥释放N、P及入湖河流携带污染物为造成湖泊环境问题的根本原因。建议调整产业结构，执行严格的排放标准，围绕重点区域、重点行业、重点企业和重点污染源治理，由控制COD为主转为控制COD和N、P并重，引水调控水质，建立湖泊资源数据库和生态系统信息网络，开展湖泊污染物来源分析和富营养化机理研究，开展跨界区域统筹对湖泊综合治理。
〖关键词〗湖泊; 水环境; 污染控制； 江苏省
〖Abstract〗There are 12 lakes with each area larger than 50 km2 in Jiangsu Province. In the last years, due to serious pollution of total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and reclaiming land from lakes, the water quality of the 12 lakes has descent continuously, the lakes areas has declined, degree of eutrophication has been worsening, and the eco system of the lakes has deteriorated seriously. The fundamental causes of the environmental problems of these lakes were rapid economic growth, too large proportion of secondary industry in economic structure, the quantity of pollutants in excess of capacity, the nitrogen and phosphorus released from sludge at the bottom of lakes, and pollutants carried by rivers poured into these lakes. Suggestions were given such as the structure of industry adjustment, execution of restrictive emission standards, the treatment emphasis on the key areas, key businesses, key enterprises and key pollution sources shifted from COD controlling to COD and nitrogen phosphor controlling, water transfer to improve the water quality, setting up the data base of lake resources and the information network of ecosystem. Also analysis of source of lake pollutants, research on mechanism of eutrophication and crossboundary comprehensive management should be carried out.
〖Key words〗Lakes; Water environment; Pollution control; Jiangsu
〖篇 名〗南京市生态系统服务价值评估
〖作 者〗梅卓华，孙洁梅，张哲海
〖机 构〗南京市环境监测中心站，江苏 南京 210013
〖摘 要〗参照Constaza等提出的方法，估算了2000年—2005年南京市生态系统服务价值及变化。结果表明，2000年南京市生态系统服务总价值为6.69×109元，2005年的总价值为7.40×109元，5年内增加了7.1×108元，主要为水域面积增加所致。
〖关键词〗生态系统服务; 价值评估; 南京市
〖Abstract〗Referred to Constaza's method, the Nanjing ecosystem service value and the change has been estimated from the year of 2000 to the year of 2005.The result indicated that the total value of the Nanjing ecosystem serves was 6.69×109 Yuan RMB in the year of 2000, 7.40×109 Yuan RMB in the year of 2005, and it increased 7.1×108 Yuan RMB during 5 years. The waters area expansion caused the increase.
〖Key words〗Ecosystem service; Valuation; Nanjing
〖篇 名〗重量法测定粉尘中游离SiO2探讨
〖作 者〗赵朝立， 郭学伟，王东锋
〖机 构〗安阳钢铁集团有限责任公司，安阳 河南 455004
〖摘 要〗讨论了重量法测定粉尘中游离SiO2含量分析过程中易出错的焦磷酸制备、残渣转移等试验步骤，提出准确测定的关键是控制温度，并根据对比试验和工作经验改进了分析过程中样品转移的方法。
〖关键词〗重量法； 粉尘； 游离二氧化硅
〖Abstract〗The errorprone experiment steps were discussed during the analysis of the dissociated SiO2 determination in dust by the weight method such as pyrophosphoric acid preparation, residual substance transfer and so on. The key to accurate measurement was proposed as controlling of experimental temperature. The transfer way of residual substance during the analysis was improved by experiments and experience.
〖Key words〗Weight method； Dust； Dissociated SiO２
〖篇 名〗环境质量综合指数法在江苏省建设小康社会综合评价中的应用
〖作 者〗陈媛
〖机 构〗江苏省环境监测中心， 江苏 南京 210036
〖摘 要〗介绍了江苏省环境质量综合指数的现实意义、定义及在小康社会综合评价中的应用，并提出相应环境质量综合指数达标的对策和建议。
〖关键词〗环境质量指数; 小康社会; 综合评价； 江苏省
〖Abstract〗The practical significance, definition and the application of wellfixed society evaluation of environmental quality comprehensive index in jiangsu province were introduced. The countermeasure and suggestion of the Index were put forward for consideration.
〖Key words〗Environmental quality index; Wellfixed society; Comprehensive evaluation; Jiangsu
|
