2008年第1期《环境监测管理与技术》目次
太湖饮用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系的构建 …………… 徐恒省，洪维民，王亚超，等(1)
机动车排气污染新标准颁布对管理模式变革的探讨 ………… 刘登国，居力，刘娟，等（4）
固相萃取剂在富集检测极性有机污染物领域的应用研究进展 … 钟声，杨立成，李爱民（7）
基于VPN 的空气质量自动监测系统的远程诊断 ……………………… 秦炜锋，龙沪强（12）
催化分光加入标准法测定复杂基体水样中痕量汞的研究 …… 刘永和，刘南辉，黄海燕（15）
江苏省不同典型生态示范区土壤中多环芳烃污染调查 …… 张祥志，赵永刚，章勇，等(18)
贵州中药材GAP基地土壤重金属和有机氯农药污染调查
………………………………………………………………夏品华，张明时，秦樊鑫，等(22)
固相萃取-GC/MS法测定水中有机氯农药 ……………… 杨丽莉，母应锋，胡恩宇，等(25)
刚果红-巯基棉分离富集光度法测定垃圾渗滤液中镉 …………… 江虹，吕昕，何树华(29)
meso-四（4-氯-3-磺酸钠苯基）卟啉快速测定痕量铅 ………………… 王涛，韩士田(33)
气相色谱法测定废水中苯胺类化合物 …………………… 邓延慧，夏明芳，王志良，等(35)
硫氰酸盐-抗坏血酸体系流动注射光度法测定水中钼 …………………… 王庆霞，苏苓(37)
厌氧填充柱降解四氯化碳实验研究 …………………… 刘敬武，单爱琴，揣小明，等（39）
汽油车BASM排放检测方法关联规则研究 ……………… 彭美春，王文涛，林怡青，等（42）
降尘监测点位优化应用研究 …………………………………… 高松，段玉森，魏海萍（45）
地表水中溶解氧监测及变化规律 ………………………… 沙鸥，马卫兴，徐国想，等（48）
浅谈环境监测业务管理的规范化 …………………………………………………… 黄卫(51)
污染源在线监控设施第三方运营存在的问题与建议 ……………………… 陈斗，李星（54）
AFS-830型双道原子荧光光度计常见故障及排除方法 ………………………………
徐达(55)
采样容器溶出氯离子对监测空气中氯化氢的干扰分析 …… 琚会艳，安永生，卢一富(57)
·简讯· 〖ＨＴ６Ｋ〗（28）（41）（47）（50）（56）
2008年第1期《环境监测管理与技术》主要文章中英文摘要
〖篇 名〗太湖饮用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系的构建
〖作 者〗徐恒省，洪维民，王亚超，翁建中，李继影
〖机 构〗苏州市环境监测中心站，江苏 苏州 215004
〖摘 要〗从预警机制的建立与分工、预警监测时间的确定、预警监测的启动、预警信息的发布、预警监测的终止、预警监测的工作流程等方面，建立了太湖引用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系。指出了政府必须在资金、物资、人才、技术等方面给予预警监测体系充足的保障，
确保预警监测体系长期有效地运行。
〖关键词〗太湖；蓝藻水华；预警监测体系
〖Abstract〗The early warning monitoring system of the Taihu Lake cyanobacteria bloomforming was established from, early warning monitoring establishment and task distribution, time of cyanobacteria bloomforming, start of the emergency monitoring, publication of the information, stop of the emergency monitoring, chart flow of emergency monitoring. The government should support the working group of early warning monitoring at budget, material resources, talented person, technology for longtime effective operation of the monitoring.
〖Key words〗The Taihu Lake； Cyanobacteria bloomforming; Early warming monitoring system
〖篇 名〗固相萃取剂在富集检测极性有机污染物领域的应用研究进展
〖作 者〗钟声，杨立成，李爱民
〖机 构〗污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室，南京大学环境学院，江苏 南京 210093
〖摘 要〗介绍了常用固相萃取剂的类型与适用范围，综述了近年来在极性有机污染物富集检测中获得应用的新型固相萃取剂，包括具有高比表面积和亲水表面的聚合物萃取剂，以及利用分子印迹和免疫亲和技术制备的新型萃取剂。
〖关键词〗固相萃取；聚合物；吸附剂；有机污染物
〖Abstract〗The type and application of common solidphase extraction (SPE) were described and the new types of SPE sorbents include polymeric sorbents with a large specific surface area and a hydrophilic character used for extraction of the polar organic pollutants in recent years were reviewed as well as other novel materials, such as molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and immunosorbents (ISs).
〖Key words〗Solidphase extraction; Polymer; Sorbents; Organic pollutants
〖篇 名〗基于VPN 的空气质量自动监测系统的远程诊断
〖作 者〗秦炜锋1 ， 龙沪强2
〖机 构〗赛默飞世尔（上海）仪器有限公司，上海 201206；2．上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院, 上海 200240
〖摘 要〗利用VPN技术将空气质量自动监测系统中心站的主机和监测子站内的分析仪器构成1个虚拟网络，实现在中心站应用iPort及DDE技术远程访问监测子站的功能，满足用户在中心站远程控制和诊断监测子站的分析仪器的应用需求。
〖关键词〗空气质量自动监测系统；远程诊断；虚拟专用网
〖Abstract〗The network with VPN technique was applied to the air quality monitoring system which consists of monitoring center computer and substation devices. The iPort and DDE techniques provided with some functions including the remote accesses and diagnosis of analysis devices in the substations. It meets the people in central station to control the substation performance at the longdistance and guaranteed the quality of the monitoring.
〖Key words〗Air quality automation monitoring system； Remote diagnosis; VPN
〖篇 名〗催化分光加入标准法测定复杂基体水样中痕量汞的研究
〖作 者〗刘永和， 刘南辉， 黄海燕
〖机 构〗邵阳学院生物与化学工程系,湖南 邵阳 422000
〖摘 要〗采用催化分光标准加入法测定复杂组分水样中痕量Hg2+，线性范围为3.0×10-3 mg/L~ 8.0×10-2mg/L，加标回收率为96.7%~103%，相对标准偏差为0.2%。该方法设备简单，操作简便可行，灵敏度、准确度高。
〖关键词〗汞；催化分光；标准加入法；水质；测定
〖Abstract〗The method was applied for determination of trace mercury (Ⅱ) by the catalytic spectrophotometry with standard addition to eliminate matrix effect. The method has characteristics of simple equipment, easy operation, sensitive and correct. The linearity ranged from 3.0×10-3 mg/L to 8.0×10-2 mg/L, the recovery from 96.7% to 103%, and the relative standard deviation 0.12%.
〖Key words〗Mercury；Catalytic spectrophotometry；Standard addition；Water quality; Determination
〖篇 名〗江苏省不同典型生态示范区土壤中多环芳烃污染调查
〖作 者〗张祥志1，赵永刚1，章勇1，范迪富2，廖启林2
〖机 构〗1．江苏省环境监测中心，江苏 南京, 210036；2．江苏省地质调查研究院，江苏 南京 210018
〖摘 要〗对江苏省南京和苏州2个典型生态示范区土壤中多环芳烃污染现状进行了调查。结果表明，生态示范区土壤中多环芳烃污染程度随土地利用类型不同而污染程度有所不同，以工业用地为主的土壤中多环芳烃含量明显高于以农业用地为主的土壤，其总量呈现出由工业区用地到蔬菜瓜果用地逐渐降低的趋势。2个示范区4环及其以上PAH含量明显高于2环—3环PAH，主要为石化燃料高温燃烧造成；而以农业为主的蔬菜生产基地等，多环芳烃主要来源于石油类污染。
〖关键词〗生态示范区；土壤污染；多环芳烃；南京；苏州
〖Abstract〗Investigation was performed on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollutions in the soils form two typical ecological demonstration areas of Nanjing and Suzhou in Jiangsu Province. The results indicated that the level of PAHs pollutions in the soils of ecological demonstration areas were different with the economic purpose in use. The content of PHAs in the soils of industrial land was evident higher than that of agricultural land, and the pollution trend was gradually decreased from industrial land to vegetable land. The contents of 2 cycles PAHs or 3 cycles PAHs were much more that of 4 cycles PAHs in two demonstration areas, which mostly caused by burning fossil fuel with high temperature. The PAHs mostly come from the petroleum pollution in the vegetable product base and the 2 cycles PAHs or 3 cycles PAHs pollution can not be neglected in Suzhou demonstration area.
〖Key words〗Ecological demonstration area; Soil pollution; PAHs; Nanjing; Suzhou
〖篇 名〗固相萃取-GC/MS法测定水中有机氯农药
〖作 者〗杨丽莉，母应锋，胡恩宇，王丽媛
〖机 构〗南京市环境监测中心站，江苏 南京210013
〖摘 要〗建立了固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用测定水中痕量六六六、滴滴涕和环氧七氯的方法。采用C18固相萃取柱富集水样，二氯甲烷/丙酮混合溶剂洗脱，加入菲-d10作为内标，利用气相色谱/质谱联用仪选择离子监测模式检测，内标法定量，定性、定量准确，线性响应良好，干扰小，按采样1 L计算，方法检出限为4.26 ng/L～19.2 ng/L，RSD在0.4%～6.3%之间，平均加标回收率在77.7%～118%之间，实际样品测定结果表明方法能满足环境水体中痕量有机氯农药的监测要求。
〖关键词〗六六六；滴滴涕；环氧七氯；固相萃取；气相色谱/质谱联用法；水质
〖Abstract〗A method was established for trace BHC, DDT and heptachlor eqoxide in water sample by gas chromatographymass spectrometry with solidphase extraction. The organochlorine pesticides were extracted from water with octadecylsilica(C18) SPE cartridge, eluted with the mixture solvent of methylene chloride and acetone, detected by selected ion monitoring mode and phenanthrene d10 as internal standard. The quantity and quality method of internal standard were correct. The good linear responses were achieved and little inference. The detection limits were 4.26 ng/L~19.2 ng/L when the sample volume was 1 L and averge recoveries 77.7%~118%, RSD 0.4%～6.3%. The experiment results showed that the method is suitable for determination of trace organochlorine pesticides in environmental waters.
〖Key words〗BHC; DDT; Heptachlor eqoxide; Solidphase extraction; Gas chromatographymass spectrometry; Water quality
〖篇 名〗刚果红-巯基棉分离富集光度法测定垃圾渗滤液中镉
〖作 者〗江虹，吕昕，何树华
〖机 构〗长江师范学院化学及环境科学系，重庆 408003
〖摘 要〗基于在pH值为4.0～5.2的BR缓冲介质中，镉与刚果红发生显色反应并生成蓝色离子缔合物的原理，建立了测定垃圾渗滤液中镉的巯基棉分离富集光度法。其最大正吸收波长和最大负吸收波长分别为604 nm和492 nm，线性范围分别为0.10 mg/L～2.80 mg/L和0.10 mg/L～3.40 mg/L，采用双波长叠加测定灵敏度更高。探讨了渗滤液的处理方法及共存离子对测定的影响，优化了试验条件，实际样品的测定结果与原子吸收法对比无显著差异，加标回收率为98.6%～104%。
〖关键词〗镉；刚果红；巯基棉；分光光度法；垃圾渗滤液
〖Abstract〗Cadmium(Ⅱ) reacts with congo red to form blue ion complexes in the BR pH 4.0～5.2 buffer solution. A method was established for determination of cadmium in landfill leachate by spectrophotometry with sulfhydryl cotton preconcentraction. The maximum positive absorption wavelength was at 604 nm and maximum negative absorption wavelength was at 492 nm. The linearities ranged from 0.10 mg/L to 2.80 mg/L(positive absorption) and from 0.10 mg/L to 3.40 mg/L(negative absorption). The method was sensitive at the positive and minus wavelengths overlapping absorption. The treatment of landfill leachate and interference of coexistent ion were discussed. The analytical parameters were optimized. The samples detective results of the method were on different with the results of atomic absorption spectrometry. The recoveries were 98.6%～104%.
〖Key words〗Cadmium; Congo red; Sulfhydryl cotton; Spectrometry; Landfill leachate
〖篇 名〗meso-四（4-氯-3-磺酸钠苯基）卟啉快速测定痕量铅
〖作 者〗王涛1，2，韩士田1
〖机 构〗河北师范大学化学与材料学院，河北 石家庄 050016；2.河北科技大学理学院，河北石家庄 050018
〖摘 要〗利用meso-四（4-氯-3-磺酸钠苯基）卟啉与铅的显色反应测定铅，优化了反应条件，试验了共存离子的影响。方法在0 mg/L～0.6 mg/L内线性良好，表观摩尔吸光系数为2.51×105 L/(mol·cm)，实际样品测定的加标回收率为98.2%～109%。
〖关键词〗铅；卟啉；分光光度法
〖Abstract〗The colour reaction of p-ClTPPS4 with Lead was applied for determination of Lead. The analytical parameters were optimized and effect of coexistent ion was observed. The results showed the linearity was good in the range from 0 mg/L to 0.6 mg/L, the apparent molar absorption coefficient was 2.51×105 L/(mol·cm), the sample recoveries were from 98.2% to 109%.
〖Key words〗Lead; Porphyrin; Spectrophotometry
〖篇 名〗气相色谱法测定废水中苯胺类化合物
〖作 者〗邓延慧1，夏明芳1，王志良1，王建秋2，邱阳1
〖机 构〗1.江苏省环境科学研究院，江苏省环境工程重点实验室，江苏 南京 210036；
2.江苏省环境应急与事故调查中心，江苏 南京210036
〖摘 要〗建立了气相色谱测定废水中5种苯胺类化合物的方法，优化了试验条件。方法在0 mg/L～100 mg/L之间线性关系良好，N,N-二甲苯胺、苯胺、对甲苯胺、间甲苯胺、邻甲苯胺的检出限分别为0.004 mg/L、0.002 mg/L、0.013 mg/L、0.008 mg/L、0.007 mg/L，实际废水样品测定的RSD≤1.5%，加标回收率为93.8%～99.5%。
〖关键词〗苯胺类化合物；气相色谱法；废水
〖Abstract〗The method was established for determination of five kinds of aniline compound in waste water by GC. The analytical parameters were optimized and the good linearity was achieved in the range from 0 mg/L to 100 mg/L. The detection limits of N, N-dimethyl aniline，aniline, p-toluidine, o-toluidine, m-toluidine were 0.004 mg/L, 0.002 mg/L, 0.013 mg/L, 0.008 mg/L, 0.007 mg/L separately ，RSD of wastewater samples ≤1.5%, recoveries 93.8%～99.5%.
〖Key words〗Aniline compounds; Gas chromatography; Wastewater
〖篇 名〗硫氰酸盐-抗坏血酸体系流动注射光度法测定水中钼
〖作 者〗王庆霞，苏苓
〖机 构〗徐州建筑职业技术学院，江苏 徐州 221008
〖摘 要〗建立了水中钼的硫氰酸盐-抗坏血酸体系流动注射分光光度测定法，优化了试验条件。方法在0 mg/L～16 mg/L范围内线性关系良好，检出限为0.19 mg/L，废水样品测定的RSD≤1.6%，加标回收率为96.3%～104%，与国家标准方法的测定结果一致。
〖关键词〗钼；流动注射；分光光度法；硫氰酸盐；抗坏血酸；水质
〖Abstract〗A method was established for determination of molybdenum in water by flow injection spectrophotometry with Thiocyanate and Ascorbic acid. The analytical condition was optimized. The results showed the good linearity was achieved in the range from 0 mg/L to 16 mg/L, the detection limit 0.19 mg/L, RSD of wastewater samples ≤1.6%, recoveries from 96.3% to 104%. The determination results for molybdenum of the method were compatible with those obtained by the national standard method.
〖Key words〗Molybdenum; Flow injection; Spectrophotometry; Thiocyanate; Ascorbic acid; Water quality
〖篇 名〗汽油车BASM排放检测方法关联规则研究
〖作 者〗彭美春1，王文涛2，林怡青1，赵锌泽3，许志刚3，彭汉锐1
〖机 构〗1.广东工业大学机电工程学院,广东 广州 510090； 2.广东工贸职业技术学院机电工程系,广东 广州 510510； 3.深圳市汇银实业开发有限公司，广东深圳 518019
〖摘 要〗应用数据挖掘法对3 720台次汽油车的BASM排放检测数据进行关联性分析，对汽车BASM排放检测方法中检测工况及排放污染物检测项目CO、HC、NOx间关联性进行研究，得出 在BASM 5024工况下没有通过检测的车辆在BASM 2540工况检测的通过率只有5.7％，CO检测合格对HC的检测合格有76.5％的支持度，HC检测合格对NOx检测合格的支持度为58.9％，说明BASM 5024与BASM 2540检测工况具有较高的关联性，HC与CO存在较高的关联度,而 HC与NOx的关联度不高。
〖关键词〗汽车排气；污染物；加速模拟工况法；关联性；数据挖掘
〖Abstract〗The association rule of BASM exhaust emission inspection method was studied. It was analyzed 3 720 groups of data about gasoline vehicle exhaust emission under BASM test by the way of data mining. The results indicated that there were only about 5.7% vehicles which could passed BASM 2540 test if the vehicles did not passed BASM 5024 test. The support was 76.5% between the confirmation of CO and HC, and 58.9％ between HC and NOx. It came to conclusions that there was high association between BASM 5024 test and BASM 2540 test, CO and HC, but HC and NOx not.
〖Key words〗Automobile engineering; Pollutants; ASM; Association rule; Data mining
〖篇 名〗降尘监测点位优化应用研究
〖作 者〗高松, 段玉森, 魏海萍
〖机 构〗上海市环境监测中心，上海 200030
〖摘 要〗以上海市长兴岛的环境空气降尘点位为例，采用聚类分析法对点位进行优化分析，快速完成点位的分类；再引入主成分分析法进行分析，不仅验证了聚类分析结果，并可根据原信息量需要保留的比例，来合理确定优选的类别数，使得优化调整的过程更为科学，结果也更为可信。
〖关键词〗降尘；监测点位；优化；聚类分析；主成分分析
〖Abstract〗Optimization of air quality monitoring site is a valid and important method to show real air quality and save resources. As a case study, cluster analysis was employed to quickly classify all of the dustfall sampling sites in Changxing Island of Shanghai. And then the principal component analysis was used to validate and define the number of optimization sorts, based on the information quantities that needed to be reserved. The result shows that the progress of optimization and adjustment will be more scientific and believable. The two method united can be used for the optimization of air sampling sites.
〖Key words〗Dustfall；Monitoring site;Optimization；Cluster analysis；Principal component analysis
〖篇 名〗地表水中溶解氧监测及变化规律
〖作 者〗沙鸥1,2， 马卫兴1,2，徐国想1,2，郭妍3
〖机 构〗1．江苏连云港淮海工学院化工系，江苏 连云港 222005；2．江苏省海洋生物技术重点建设实验室，江苏 连云港 222005；3.连云港金兆水务有限公司，江苏 连云港 222005
〖摘 要〗采用碘-淀粉光度法对连云港大浦河水域中溶解氧进行测定，并对其日变化、季节变化和垂直分布及变化规律进行了分析。
〖关键词〗溶解氧; 碘-淀粉光度法; 地表水
〖Abstract〗The iodine-starch spectrophotometer method was applied in dissolved oxygen determination of Lianyungang river water. The concentrations were analyzed from dissolved oxygen changes with the time in a day, the seasons and water depth in the water.
〖Key words〗Dissolved oxygen; Iodinestarch spectrophotometer; Surface water
〖篇 名〗浅谈环境监测业务管理的规范化
〖作 者〗黄卫
〖机 构〗江苏省环境监测中心，江苏 南京 210036
〖摘 要〗简述了环境监测业务的分类，提出应对监测工作流程、监测标准、业务分包工作、监测收费、监测报告格式、监测数据、监测质量、业务项目实行规范化管理。指出, 对各类环境监测业务进行规范化管理，将有助于提高环境监测为环境管理和经济建设服务的质量和效率。
〖关键词〗环境监测；业务管理；流程；管理信息库
〖Abstract〗The classes of the environmental monitoring service were briefly described. The environmental monitoring service should be managed in a standardization style at monitoring work flow, standard, subcontract, payment, report format, data, quality, service item. It Will be helpful to improved the quality and efficiency of environmental monitoring serves for environment management and the economic development.
〖Key words〗Environmental monitoring；Business management；Flow;Information bank of management
〖篇 名〗AFS-830型双道原子荧光光度计常见故障及排除方法
〖作 者〗徐达
〖机 构〗广东省水文局湛江分局，广东 湛江 524037
〖摘 要〗以吉天AFS-830型双道原子荧光光度计为例，介绍了仪器使用过程中出现的联机失败、管路不畅、自动进样器停止工作等常见故障，分析了故障产生的原因，并提出了排除方法。
〖关键词〗原子荧光光度计；AFS-830型；排除故障；
〖Abstract〗Taking Jitian AFS model830 doublechannel atomic fluorescence spectrometer as a example, the troubles were described such as computer connection failure, tube clog, autosampling instrument stop. According to the malfunction reasons, troubleshooting methods were proposed.
〖Key words〗Atomic fluorescence spectrometer; AFS model830; Malfunction trouble-shooting
〖篇 名〗采样容器溶出氯离子对监测空气中氯化氢的干扰分析
〖作 者〗琚会艳，安永生，卢一富
〖机 构〗济源市环境监测站，河南 济源 454650
〖摘 要〗试验了玻璃、聚乙烯、聚四氟乙烯等不同材质容器溶出氯离子对环境空气中氯化氢测定的影响，指出测定结果偏高的原因在于采用玻璃气泡吸收管，分析了玻璃材质溶出氯离子的原因，建议采用特制的聚四氟乙烯或聚乙烯吸收管采样。
〖关键词〗氯化氢；氯离子；玻璃容器；干扰；离子色谱法；空气
〖Abstract〗The interference experiments were performed in different material vessels such as glass, polyethylene, teflon to test dissolved chlorine ion for determination of the hydrogen chloride in ambient air. The test valves of air bubble sampling vessel increased because glass vessel released chlorine ion. The specially made teflon or polyethylene vessels were applied for air hydrogen chloride sampling.
〖Key words〗Hydrogen chloride; Chlorine ion; Glass container; Interference; Ion chromatography; Air
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