2007年第6期《环境监测管理与技术》目次
环境监测实验室质量监督之管见…………………………………………………… 郭晓茆(1)
环境空气自动监测子站委托管理的质量控制………………………………………… 孙杰(6)
大气气溶胶中重金属元素痕量分析及形态分析研究进展……… 葛杨，梁淑轩，孙汉文（9）
多参数环境自动监测数据采集传输装置研究…………………………… 徐晓宁，廖鸣镝（15）
环境噪声标准体系设计与相互关系研究…………………… 张国宁，周扬胜，于丽昕(18)
淮安市典型地区土壤中多环芳烃污染调查………………… 张强华，石莹莹，李东，等(22)
东伶仃洋海域水质调查…………………………………………… 廖岩，兰竹虹，陈桂珠(25)
火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中铅……………………………曹杰山（28）
超声波萃取-GC/MS法测定土壤中多氯联苯…………………………………… 李娟，高丹（31）
气相色谱法测定空气和废气中8种烃类化合物……………………… 戴玄吏，祁红娟 （33）
修正的凯氏法-纳氏试剂光度法测定固体废物中总氮……… 袁静，张益民，陈蕾，等 （36）
火电厂烟气脱硝容量的合理性探讨……………………………… 董文彬，朱林，朱法华 (40)
高效液相色谱法检测水中微囊藻毒素的实验条件优化…………………………… 乔素兰（44）
固相萃取分光光度法测定水中铁(Ⅱ)方法的探讨………………………………… 李红英（47）
环境监测实验室废液的管理与处理方法…………………………………………… 徐根红（50）
编制验收监测方案和报告存在的问题和解决办法………………………… 何妤，严佳（52）
微波消解法测定污水中COD………………………………… 吴敏，邱忠平，王艳捷，等(55)
简便快速测定尿铅的石墨炉原子吸收法………………………………………………郭瑞娣(57)
·简讯· （27）
·征订启事· （30)（封三）
·征稿启事·（8)
《环境监测管理与技术》2007年总索引（Ⅰ-Ⅳ）
2007年第6期《环境监测管理与技术》主要文章中英文摘要
〖篇 名〗环境监测实验室质量监督之管见
〖作 者〗郭晓茆
〖机 构〗南京市环境监测中心站，江苏 南京 210013
〖摘 要〗阐述了环境监测实验室质量监督的重要性及加强质量监督的组织保证、制度建设、工作程序和如何发挥监督作用的思考，以期改善忽视质量监督的局面，进一步提高监测工作质量。
〖关键词〗环境监测； 实验室； 质量监督； 质量保证
〖Abstract〗 The importance was explained on quality supervision, organization guarantee, system establishment, the supervision function in environmental monitoring laboratories. The supervision will improve the situation of neglecting quality control and promote environmental monitoring.
〖Key words〗Environmental monitoring; Laboratory; Quality supervision; Quality guarantee
〖篇 名〗环境空气自动监测子站委托管理的质量控制
〖作 者〗孙杰
〖机 构〗深圳市环境监测中心站， 广东 深圳 518049
〖摘 要〗介绍了深圳市环境监测中心站在环境空气自动监测子站委托管理模式下采取的质量控制措施，包括根据要求安排人员、明确托管工作职责、修订相关管理制度、重新制定工作计划、确立考核及控制办法、制定托管合同中的制约条件等，以保证托管工作的顺利开展和子站的正常运行。提出将在考核界定和运行经费核算等方面作进一步探索和完善。
〖关键词〗环境监测系统；自动监测子站；委托管理；质量控制；制度
〖Abstract〗The quality control measurements of Shenzhen environmental mentoring center were introduced in air automonitoring substations consigned by qualified operative company such as personnel matters, duty of the operative company, the amendment of relative regulation, renewed working plan, establishment of check and control method, the restrictive items of consignation contract and so on. The measurements ensure the consigned automonitoring substations working well. The performance identification and operative budget will be determined according to practical situation.
〖Key words〗Environmental monitoring systems;Automatic monitoring substations;Mandatory management;Quality control;System
〖篇 名〗大气气溶胶中重金属元素痕量分析及形态分析研究进展
〖作 者〗葛杨，梁淑轩，孙汉文
〖机 构〗河北大学化学与环境科学学院，河北省分析科学技术重点实验室，河北 保定 071002
〖摘 要〗重金属是大气气溶胶的重要组成部分，由于重金属的气候效应、环境效应和健康效应，其痕量分析和形态分析越来越受重视。综述了大气气溶胶的采集、重金属的总量分析及形态分析技术，指出了当前研究工作中存在的问题及今后的发展方向。
〖关键词〗大气气溶胶；重金属；总量分析；形态分析
〖Abstract〗The heavy metals were important components in the atmospheric aerosol. The trace quantity and morphological analysis of heavy metals were attracted attention because of climate effect, the environment effect and the health effect. The technologies of atmospheric aerosol sampling, total amount and morphological analysis of heavy metals were summarized. The issues in the research and development direction in the future also were discussed.
〖Key words〗Atmospheric aerosol; Heavy metals; Total amount analysis; Morphological analysis
〖篇 名〗多参数环境自动监测数据采集传输装置研究
〖作 者〗徐晓宁1, 廖鸣镝2
〖机 构〗1.广州大学土木工程学院,广东 广州 510405; 2.广州天园科技有限公司，广东广州510507
〖摘 要〗为加强环境自动监测系统的建设，提供了一个支持多种类型现场信息宽接入的信息采集、支持有线和无线信息传输的开放式在线数据采集传输装置。装置用标准化的工控机作为控制核心，具备模拟信号、LonWorks信号、视频信号、RS-485信号输入接口，网络通信和GPRS远程通信方式，采用Windows操作系统和数据库技术，应用方便灵活，有助于提供有效、客观的现场环境信息，实现环境自动监测与管理。
〖关键词〗环境监测系统；数据处理；远程控制
〖Abstract〗In order to strengthen the environmental automatic monitoring system, an online open Data Acquisition and Transmission Device with wired and wireless transmission was developed to support multiinput interfaces. Standardized industrial computer was used as key controlled part. It had analog, LonWorks, video and RS485 interfaces, communicated with monitoring center by network or GPRS in the longdistance and operated by the Windows operating system and the database technology. The alterability and flexibility of the device will be helpful to provide effective and objective on site information for environmental monitoring and environmental management.
〖Key words〗Environmental monitoring systems； Data processing; Remote control
〖篇 名〗环境噪声标准体系设计与相互关系研究
〖作 者〗张国宁1， 周扬胜1，于丽昕2
〖机 构〗1.中国环境科学研究院标准所，北京 100012 ； 2.北京城市排水集团，北京 100038
〖摘 要〗针对当前突出的环境噪声问题，提出了噪声管理需要3个层次不同的标准，每种标准有适用的对象、制订依据、作用和特征，在介绍不同层次标准相互关系基础上提出标准制订和修订的建议。
〖关键词〗环境噪声； 噪声标准； 标准体系； 相关性
〖Abstract〗In order to effectively manage environmental noise, the system of environmental noise standards should be improved for noise pollution control. Environmental noise standards for noise management were divided into three levels. The applicability, developing basis, functionality and characteristic of standards on different levels as well as their relations were analyzed. Some suggestions for developing or revising environmental noise standards were presented.
〖Key words〗Environmental noise； Noise criteria；Standard system； Correlation
〖篇 名〗淮安市典型地区土壤中多环芳烃污染调查
〖作 者〗张强华1,2，石莹莹1，李东2，徐刚2，钟秦1
〖机 构〗1.南京理工大学化工学院，江苏 南京 210094；2.江苏淮阴工学院生命科学与化学工程学院，江苏 淮安 223003
〖摘 要〗对淮安市5个区域土壤中多环芳烃（PAHs）污染状况进行了调查和分析，结果表明：被调查区域土壤中PAHs的平均质量比为1 641 μg/kg，城市附近区域——淮海南路旁农田、大运河畔城南农田、北京新村土壤中PAHs的质量比最高,分别为3 421 μg/kg、1 730 μg/kg和1 779 μg/kg，其污染特征因子为苊、菲、荧蒽、屈、茚并[1,2,3－c,d]芘、苯并[g,h,i]苝等；远离城市的区域——洪泽湖畔农田、洪泽湖大墩岛农田土壤中PAHs质量比较低，分别为716.3 μg/kg、560.9 μg/kg，污染特征因子为芴、苊、菲、屈等。
〖关键词〗土壤污染；多环芳烃；淮安市
〖Abstract〗Investigation and analysis were performed on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollutions in the soils from five areas of Huaian. The results indicated that the average mass concentration of PAHs in the soils was 1 641 μg/kg. The mass concentrations of PAHs were 3 421 μg/kg, 1 730 μg/kg and1 779 μg/kg respectively in farmlands near South Huaihai Road, on the Grant Canal bank of the south city and of the New Beijing Village. The PAHs pollution was heavy and the pollutant factors were Acenaphthylene, Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene, Chrysene, lndeno［1,2,3-c,d］pyrene and Benzo［g,h,i］perylene, etc. The mass concentrations of PAHs were 716.3 μg/kg and 560.9 μg/kg separately in farmlands near Hongze Lake and Dadun island of Hongze Lake. The pollution was light and the pollutant factors were Fluorene, Acenaphthylene, Phenanthrede, Chrysene, etc.
〖Key words〗Soil pollution; PAHs; Huaian
〖篇 名〗东伶仃洋海域水质调查
〖作 者〗廖岩1，兰竹虹2，陈桂珠3
〖机 构〗1.国家环境保护总局华南环境科学研究所，广东 广州 510655； 2.西南财经大学人口研究所，四川 成都 610074； 3.中山大学环境科学与工程学院，广东 广州 510275
〖摘 要〗选择出11项评价因子，采用单项分指数法和平均分指数法，在涨潮、落潮、涨落潮时分别对伶仃洋东部海域水质进行监测，并与历史资料进行对比，对评价因子超标进行评价和原因分析，提出了补救与预防措施。
〖关键词〗海洋监测；污染物；水质评价；伶仃洋
〖Abstract〗Eleven evaluation factors were chosen from sampling and monitoring in the east Lin Ding Ocean by monomial mark and average mark. The water quality data was obtained during the period of flood tide, ebb tide and eat and flow tide. Contrasted with historical data, the exceeding evaluation factors were evaluated and analyzed for the reasonable remediation and precaution.
〖Key words〗Marine monitoring; Pollutants; Water quality assessment; Ling Ding Ocean
〖篇 名〗火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中铅
〖作 者〗曹杰山
〖机 构〗中国环境监测总站，北京 100029
〖摘 要〗建立了硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解、火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中铅的方法，试验了不同消解体系和共存离子对测定的影响。方法线性良好，检出限为20 mg/kg（按称取0.5 g试样消解定容至50 mL计算)，对不同地域堆肥产品测定的RSD为2.6%～8.7%，加标回收率为89.0%～107%。
〖关键词〗火焰原子吸收分光光度法；铅；生活垃圾；堆肥
〖Abstract〗The method was established for determination of Lead in composting products of life refuse by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Tests of sample digestion methods and coexistence ion effects were done for detect condition selection. It was good linear relationship between Lead concentrations and instrument responses. The detection limit was 20 mg/kg (weighed 0.5 g sample, digested and diluted with water to 50 mL volume). The RSD from the composting products in different region were from 2.6% to 8.7% and recovery rates were from 89.0% to 107%.
〖Key words〗Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry; Lead; Life refuse; Composts
〖篇 名〗超声波萃取-GC/MS法测定土壤中多氯联苯
〖作 者〗李娟，高丹
〖机 构〗江苏省环境监测中心，江苏 南京 210036
〖摘 要〗建立了超声波萃取、氟罗里硅土柱净化、气相色谱/质谱联用选择离子扫描模式测定土壤样品中多氯联苯Arochlor系列的方法。方法线性良好，灵敏度高，RSD为9.5%～12.2%，加标回收率为65.0%～105%，标准土壤样品的测定结果也符合要求。
〖关键词〗多氯联苯；超声波萃取；气相色谱/质谱法；土壤
〖Abstract〗The method was established for determination of Arochlors in soil by ultrasonic wave extraction, Florisil column purification and selected ion GC/MS. It was good linear relationship between Arochlors concentrations and instrument responses, high sensitivity, and the recovery from 65.0% to 105%, RSD from 9.5% to 12.2%. The test result of standard reference soil sample was correct.
〖Key words〗Arochlors; Ultrasonic wave extraction; GC/MS; Soil
〖篇 名〗气相色谱法测定空气和废气中8种烃类化合物
〖作 者〗戴玄吏，祁红娟
〖机 构〗常州市环境监测中心站，江苏 常州 213000
〖摘 要〗建立了针筒采样、大口径毛细管柱分离、气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器测定空气和废气中甲烷、乙烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烷、异丁烷、正丁烷和正戊烷等8种烃类化合物的方法。优化了试验条件，方法线性良好，甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、乙烷、丙烷、异丁烷、正丁烷和正戊烷的检出限分别为0.09 mg/m3、0.20 mg/m3、0.18 mg/m3、0.29 mg/m3、0.28 mg/m3、0.37 mg/m3、0.16 mg/m3和0.56 mg/m3，RSD＜8.0%，加标回收率为80.5%～104%。
〖关键词〗烃类化合物；毛细管；气相色谱法；空气；废气
〖Abstract〗The method was established for determination of methane, ethane, ethylene, acetylene, propane, isobutene, butane and pentane in the air and waste gas by the syringe sampling, the wild capillary tubes separation and detection of gas chromatography with hydrogen flame ionization detector. The test condition was optimized and good relationship between the 8 compounds concentrations and instrument response. The detection limits of those compounds were methane 0.09 mg/m3, ethane 0.20 mg/m3, ethylene 0.18 mg/m3, acetylene 0.29 mg/m3, propane 0.28 mg/m3, isobutene 0.37 mg/m3, butane 0.16 mg/m3, pentane 0.56 mg/m3. The RSD was less than 8.0% and the recoveries were from 80.5% to 104%.
〖Key words〗Hydrocarbon compound; Capillary tubes; Gas chromatography; Air; Waste gas
〖篇 名〗修正的凯氏法-纳氏试剂光度法测定固体废物中总氮
〖作 者〗袁静，张益民，陈蕾，季平扬，袁艺
〖机 构〗扬州市环境监测中心站，江苏 扬州 225007
〖摘 要〗采用修正的凯氏法消解、凯氏定氮仪定氮、纳氏试剂分光光度法测定固体废物中的总氮，对催化剂、硝基化试剂、消解时间、消解温度等试验参数作了优化，方法检出限为0.012 5 g/kg，RSD≤3.5%，加标回收率为90.9%～109%。
〖关键词〗总氮；凯氏法；纳氏试剂；分光光度法；固体废物
〖Abstract〗The method was established for determination of total nitrogen in solid wastes by modified KjeldahlNessler' reagent spectrophotometry. The experiment parameters were optimized in catalyzer, nitrified reagent, time and temperature of digestion. The detection limit of the method was 0.012 5 g/kg, RSD less than 3.5%, the recoveries from 90.9% to 109%.
〖Key words〗Total nitrogen; Modified Kjeldahl; Nessler'reagent; Spectrophotometry; Solid wastes
〖篇 名〗火电厂烟气脱硝容量的合理性探讨
〖作 者〗董文彬1，朱林2，朱法华2
〖机 构〗1.南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院，江苏 南京 210044；2.国电环境保护研究院，江苏 南京 210031
〖摘 要〗根据美国20世纪90年代初的电力生产及火电NOx的排放情况，并结合我国的实际情况及控制火电NOx排放的趋势，提出2010年和2020年我国火电NOx排放总量控制目标，预测满足火电NOx控制目标的合理的火电厂烟气脱硝容量。
〖关键词〗火电厂； 氮氧化物；排放量；控制目标； 脱硝；容量
〖Abstract〗According to the beginning of 1990s US electric power production and NOx emission, and the tendency of China actual thermal power NOx emission control, the total quantity control goals in 2010 and in 2020 were provided. The forecast NOx emission quantity satisfied the reasonable NOx control goal of denitration capacity of thermoelectric power plants.
〖Key words〗Thermal electric power plants; NOx; Discharge amount; Control goal; Denitration; Capacity
〖篇 名〗高效液相色谱法检测水中微囊藻毒素的实验条件优化
〖作 者〗乔素兰
〖机 构〗深圳水务集团水质检测中心，广东 深圳 518055
〖摘 要〗通过实验优化高效液相色谱检测水中微囊藻毒素的方法，对水样前处理过程中使用的固相萃取柱、淋洗剂、洗脱剂及浓缩定容方式等进行了选择。用流动相为V(1.25%TFA水溶液)∶V(甲醇)=40∶60的溶液洗脱，MC-RR和MC-LR在15 min内有较好的分离，工作曲线的范围为0.1 mg/L~10 mg/L，方法检测限为0.1 μg/L，两者的回收率分别为98.1%和101%。测定方法简易、可靠和实用。
〖关键词〗高效液相色谱法; 前处理； 优化; 微囊藻毒素
〖Abstract〗The microcystinsandits (MC) determination method was optimized in the test steps of the water sample preparation and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The selected experiments were performed in columns of solid phase extraction, elution solutions and way of concentration. The MC- RR (microcystins RR) and MC-LR (microcystins LR) could be totally separated in 15 min at isocratic elution with mobile phaseV(1.25% trifluoroacetic acid)∶V (methanol) = 40∶ 60. The range of linear relation was from0.1 mg/L to 10 mg/L, sample detective limits 0.1μg/L, the recovery MC- RR 98.1% and MC-LR 101%. The optimized method is reliable and practical for detection of MC in the water.
〖Key words〗HPLC; Pretreatment; Optimization; Microcystinsandits
〖篇 名〗固相萃取分光光度法测定水中铁(Ⅱ)方法的探讨
〖作 者〗李红英
〖机 构〗宁夏大学化学化工学院，宁夏 银川 750021
〖摘 要〗以乙醇/盐酸混合溶液洗脱吸附在Sep-pak C18柱上的Fe(Ⅱ)-邻二氮菲（以下称Fe(Ⅱ)-phen）络合物，分光光度法测定水中Fe(Ⅱ)，该洗脱液的洗脱效果优于乙醇等洗脱液，提高了分析的准确度，同时用人工海水观察了盐的质量浓度变化对分析测定的影响；该方法的最低检测限2.9 μg/L(n=10,p=0.05)，相对标准偏差0.9%(n=8), 回收率92.5％～101％，可用于环境水样中痕量Fe(Ⅱ)的测定。
〖关键词〗固相萃取； 洗脱； 分光光度法； 二价铁； 测定
〖Abstract〗It was discussed that a method of determination Fe（Ⅱ）in environmental water samples with Seppak C18 cartridges by spectrophotometry. The result was obtained by using mixed solution of ethanol and hydrochloric acid as eluate. The effect of salinity in the samples on determination of Fe(Ⅱ) was also observed. MLD of the method for Fe(Ⅱ) in the water was 2.9 μg/L (n=10,p=0.05),the relative standard deviation 0.9% (n=8) and the recovery 92.5%～101%.The method is applicable to determine Fe(Ⅱ) in fresh water and sea water.
〖Key words〗Solid-phase extraction; Elution; Spectrophotometry; Fe(Ⅱ); Determination
〖篇 名〗编制验收监测方案和报告存在的问题和解决办法
〖作 者〗何妤， 严佳
〖机 构〗苏州市环境监测中心站，江苏 苏州215004
〖摘 要〗指出编制验收监测方案和报告过程中，在建设项目工程概况介绍，监测内容表达，监测评价标准选定，环境管理检查内容，附件收集及排版规范方面存在的问题。提出了解决问题的办法，这有助于提高验收监测方案和报告的编制水平，更好地为环境管理服务。
〖关键词〗建设项目；验收监测；方案；报告；编制
〖Abstract〗The problems of monitoring plan and report compilation were annlyzed in projects distribution, monitoring items expression, evaluating standard selection, files collection and
Composition type specification. The solution will help improving quality of monitoring plan and report for the examination and acceptance of project and serving environmental management better.
〖Key words〗Construction projects; Monitoring for the examination and acceptance of project; Plans; Reports; Establishment
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