《环境监测管理与技术》2007年第5期目次及主要文章中英文摘要
加强建设 量化管理 推进环境监测事业持续发展…………………………… 张丹宁，许立峰(1)
创建国家环境保护模范城市软件资料体系的建立………………………………… 吴建伟，丁祥(4)
环境水中西维因残留的检测方法……………………………… 李崇瑛，钮松召，白亚之，等（7）
公路隧道可吸入颗粒物扩散模型研究…………………………… 陈敏竹，马卫华，钟秦，等(12)
ArcGIS技术在环境质量报告书编制中的应用…………………………………………… 李旭文(15)
苏南地区农村河塘底泥中重金属污染调查与评价…………… 冯艳红，林玉锁，张孝飞，等(19)
机动车尾气排放检测方法对比分析…………………………………………… 刘继明，沈欣午(23)
固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中痕量有机氯农药…………… 邰超，齐永安，庞玉娟，等（26）
SPE-GC/MS法测定水中对硝基氯苯和2，4-二硝基氯苯………… 刘斌，王京平，陈山，等（30）
固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中磺酰脲类除草剂…………… 陈军，张宗祥，卜伟，等（32）
动力学光度法比均定中变换同时测定水中BrO-3与IO-3……………………… 任建敏，吴四维（35）
地下土壤、水中DNAPLs污染的修复技术研究进展…………… 燕永利，陈杰瑢，张宁生，等(38)
被动采样监测环境空气中SO2和NO2………………………………… 陈魁，张震，梅鹏蔚，等（43）
怠速工况下汽车使用乙醇汽油排放污染物的变化……………… 吴新杰，彭华，朱泽军，等（46）
建设项目现状环境影响评价数据引用的探讨………………………………… 李艳萍，周国栋（49）
南京市国控环境空气监测网络优化…………………………………… 金鑫，唐雅萍，王合生（51）
空调房空气中甲醛污染的分布特性…………………………… 张长兴，胡松涛，李安桂，等（54）
测量工频电磁场应注意的问题………………………………… 赵福祥，张起虹， 蔡新华，等(57)
硫化物水样预处理方法的改进…………………………………………………………… 陆劲松(59)
·简讯· （58）
·征订启事· （22）（29）（48）（60）(61)(62)
〖篇 名〗加强建设 量化管理 推进环境监测事业持续发展
〖作 者〗张丹宁，许立峰
〖机 构〗南京市环境监测中心站，江苏 南京 210013
〖摘 要〗介绍了南京市环境监测中心站近年来在拓展监测能力，提升监测现代化水平，优化资源配置，加强队伍建设，强化制度建设，实施目标管理等方面采取的举措，指出在我国环境保护发生历史性转变的关键时期，环境监测站应在社会、经济、环境的协调发展中，充分发挥为管理服务的前瞻性、监测信息上报的及时性及实施环境决策的支持性作用，积极推进环境监测事业持续发展。
〖关键词〗环境监测；可持续发展；南京市
〖Abstract〗During the key historic change of China environmental protection, some measurements of Nanjing environmental monitoring central station were taken in increased monitoring ability, heighten monitoring modernization level, optimized resources disposition, strengthened organization and administrative regulation and implemented goal management. The environmental monitoring stations should actively promote environmental monitoring sustainable development in coordination of society, economic and environment by foresighted preparation for the environmental management, providing monitoring information in time and implementation of environment decisionmaking support.
〖Key words〗Environmental monitoring; Sustainable development; Nanjing
〖篇 名〗环境水中西维因残留的检测方法
〖作 者〗李崇瑛，钮松召，白亚之，杨涛，王安，余朝琦
〖机 构〗成都理工大学材料与化学化工学院， 四川 成都 610059
〖摘 要〗综述了酶传感器、酶联免疫传感器、液相色谱、荧光光谱和流动注射化学发光等方法在环境水西维因残留检测中的应用，对各种分析方法的工作原理作了简要介绍，并对其应用前景作了展望。
〖关键词〗西维因；检测；环境水质
〖Abstract〗The methods of enzymatic biosensors, enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, liquid chromatography, fluorescence analysis, flow injection chem. iluminescence were reviewed for determination of carbaryl residues in water. The working principles of each kind of analysis methods were briefly introduced. The application prospects of analysis methods for carbaryl determination were also mentioned.
〖Key words〗Carbaryl; Determination; Environmental water quality
〖篇 名〗公路隧道可吸入颗粒物扩散模型研究
〖作 者〗陈敏竹1，马卫华1，钟秦1，常为民2，柏仇勇2
〖机 构〗南京理工大学化工学院，江苏 南京 210094； 2．江苏省环境监测中心，江苏南京 210036
〖摘 要〗运用大气扩散理论，得到了隧道内自然通风和纵向通风状态下的可吸入颗粒物(PM10)扩散模型，并由隧道口PM10浓度、隧道截面积、隧道内风速，以及车流量和类型等参数，获得了整条隧道内的不同PM10浓度分布。模型表明，随着隧道深度的增加，PM10浓度逐渐增大。通过采用纵向通风的玄武湖隧道各参数，得到了3组不同条件下的PM10扩散模型，并用所得模型计算了隧道内不同深度处PM10的浓度。沿隧道不同深度测得的PM10浓度值的比较结果表明，实际测定值围绕计算值上下波动，两者之间具有良好的一致性。
〖关键词〗可吸入颗粒物；隧道；大气扩散模型；机动车
〖Abstract〗The PM10 diffusion model was obtained under the condition of nature and longitudinal ventilation according to atmospheric diffusion theory. The distribution of PM10 concentration was described in virtue of the parameters such as PM10 concentration of entrance, the section of tunnel, wind speed in tunnel, traffic flow and types of vehicle etc. The result showed the longer of the tunnel, the higher of PM10 concentration. The three groups of PM10 diffusion models under different conditions were established with Lengthwise parameters of Nanjing Xuanwu lake tunnel for calculating PM10 concentration in each length of the tunnel. It was found that calculating data were moving around actually detective data closely.
〖Key words〗PM10; Tunnel; Atmospheric diffusion Model; Vehicle
〖篇 名〗苏南地区农村河塘底泥中重金属污染调查与评价
〖作 者〗冯艳红1，2，林玉锁2，张孝飞2，徐亦纲2，俞飞2
〖机 构〗 南京农业大学资源与环境学院，江苏 南京 210095；2.国家环境保护总局南京环境科学研究所，江苏南京 210042
〖摘 要〗对苏南地区农村河塘底泥中重金属的污染物状况及分布特征进行了调查，分别在镇江、宜兴和常州采集了农村居民生活区、农田附近和养殖厂周围13个底泥样品，对底泥中的5种重金属Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb、Cr质量比进行了分析研究，并利用Hakason生态风险指数法评价了底泥中5种重金属对其所在水域的污染程度，对水域和周围环境造成的潜在风险影响。结果表明，苏南地区部分农村河塘底泥已受到轻度的重金属污染，部分采样点Cd、Cu和Zn已达到中度污染；不同类型底泥的重金属的污染程度趋势为：居民生活区＞养殖厂周围＞农田附近。
〖关键词〗农村；河塘；底泥；重金属污染；生态风险性；苏南
〖Abstract〗The situation and distribution of heavy metal pollutants were investigated in in the sediments of rural ponds of southern jiangsu province. Zinc，Copper，Cadmium，Lead and Chrome in the 13 sediment samples collected from habitation area and farmland of Zhenjiang, Yixing and Changzhou were determined. The potential influences on the water quality and the around environment involving the five heavy metals were evaluated by the ecological risk index of Hakason. The results showed the sediments of parts of the rural ponds in the southern Jiangsu province was polluted by heavy metals and the pollution situation reach middling level in some place. The order of the heavy metals pollution level in the ponds sentiment was in the rural residential area>around breeding site>nearby farmland.
〖Key words〗Countryside; Pond; Sentiment; Heavy metal pollution; Ecological risk; Southern Jiangsu province
〖篇 名〗机动车尾气排放检测方法对比分析
〖作 者〗刘继明，沈欣午
〖机 构〗南京市环境监测中心站，江苏 南京 210013
〖摘 要〗通过怠速、双怠速法对机动车尾气检测试验和数据对比分析表明，不同车龄段的电喷型轿车采用怠速法检测尾气达标率在73.3%～93.5%之间；双怠速法检测尾气达标率在40.0%～82.6%之间。不同车龄段的化油器型轿车采用怠速法检测尾气达标率在25.0%～57.1%之间；双怠速法检测尾气达标率在18.8%～57.1%之间。指出双怠速法对化油器车辆尾气控制同样有效果，双怠速法对筛选高污染车辆比怠速法更严格和科学。
〖关键词〗机动车; 污染物排放;怠速法；双怠速法； 对比试验
〖Abstract〗The test and data of idle state method and double idle state method for vehicle tail gas were analyzed. The rates of uesd in different year electronic injection autos exhaust up to standards were between 73.3% and 93.5% at idle state method test and the rates between 40.0% and 82.6% at double idle state method test. The rates of uesd in different year vehicle with carburetor exhaust up to standards were between 25.0% and 57.1% at idle state method test and the rates between 18.8% and 57.1% at double idle state method test.
The double idle state method test had same function to control the exhaust of vehicle with carburetor and was even more strictly and scientifically in screening out high pollution vehicles than the idle state method test did.
〖Key words〗Vehicle; Pollutant discharge; Idle state method; Double idle state method; Contrast experiment
〖篇 名〗固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中痕量有机氯农药
〖作 者〗邰超，齐永安，庞玉娟，赵同谦
〖机 构〗河南理工大学资源环境学院， 河南 焦作 454000
〖摘 要〗建立了固相微萃取-气相色谱联用快速测定水中14种痕量有机氯农药的方法，对比研究了浸入式直接固相微萃取与顶空固相微萃取两种方式对不同有机氯农药的富集效率，优化了试验条件。方法线性关系良好，检出限为0.1 ng/L～10 ng/L，定量下限为0.2 ng/L～40 ng/L，RSD＜8%，实际水样的加标回收率为67.0%～133%。
〖关键词〗固相微萃取；气相色谱法；有机氯农药；水质
〖Abstract〗The method of solid phase micro extractiongas chromatography was established for fast determination of 14 trace organic chlorinated pesticides. The extraction efficiencies of both headspace SPME and direct SPME for the 14 organic chlorinated pesticides were contrasted. After test condition was optimized there were good linearity relations between the compounds and instrumental responds, the detective limits were 0.1 ng/L～10 ng/L, the quantification limits 0.2 ng/L～40 ng/L, RSD<8%, recoveries of samples 67.0%～133%.
〖Key words〗Solid phase micro extraction; Gas chromatography; Organic chlorine pesticide; Water quality
〖篇 名〗SPE-GC/MS法测定水中对硝基氯苯和2，4-二硝基氯苯
〖作 者〗刘斌1，王京平2，陈山1，徐民1，朱国军1
〖机 构〗1.盐城市环境监测中心站，江苏 盐城 224002；2.盐城师范学院化学系，江苏 盐城 224002
〖摘 要〗采用SPE-GC/MS法测定水中对硝基氯苯和2，4-二硝基氯苯，优化了试验条件。对硝基氯苯在1.00 mg/L～80.0 mg/L之间线性关系良好，2，4-二硝基氯苯在1.00 mg/L～50.0 mg/L之间线性关系良好，方法检出限对硝基氯苯为0.6 μg/L，2，4-二硝基氯苯为2.1 μg/L，回收率对硝基氯苯为86.2%～94.7%，2，4-二硝基氯苯为87.3%～95.4%。
〖关键词〗对硝基氯苯；2，4-二硝基氯苯；SPE；GC/MS法；水质
〖Abstract〗The trace p-nitrochlorobenzene and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in water were determinated by SPE-GC/MS after experimental condition optimized. The linear range is from 1.00 mg/L to 80.0 mg/L in p-nitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrobenzene from 1.00 mg/L to 50.0 mg/L. The linear relations are good. The limit of determination for p-nitrobenzene and 2,4-dinitrobenzene are 0.6 μg/L and 2.1 μg/L respectively. The recovery ranges are 86.2%～94.7% for p-nitrochlorobenzene and 87.3%～95.4% for 2,4-dinitrobenzene.
〖Key words〗p-Nitrochlorobenzene; 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene; SPE; GC/MS; Water quality
〖篇 名〗固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中磺酰脲类除草剂
〖作 者〗陈军，张宗祥，卜伟，程滢
〖机 构〗泰州市环境监测中心站，江苏 泰州 225300
〖摘 要〗建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱测定水中7种磺酰脲类除草剂的方法，考察了降解作用及滤膜对测定的影响。方法在0.30 mg/L～5.00 mg/L之间线性关系良好，7种磺酰脲类除草剂的检出限为0.32 μg/L～0.62 μg/L，RSD为4.4%～7.6%，平均加标回收率为87.9%～102%。
〖关键词〗固相萃取；高效液相色谱法；磺酰脲类除草剂；水质
〖Abstract〗The method was established for determination of 7 kinds of sulphur ureides herbicides by solid phase extractionhigh effective liquid chromatography. The influence of degradation action and filters were observed. There were good linear relationships between the instrumental responds and compounds in range of 0.30 mg/L and 5.00 mg/L of the method. The detective limits of 7 kinds of sulphur ureides herbicides were 0.32 μg/L～0.62 μg/L, RSD 4.4%~7.6%, avenge recoveries 87.9%～102%.
〖Key words〗Solid phase extraction; HPLC; Sulphur ureides herbicides; Water quality
〖篇 名〗地下土壤、水中DNAPLs污染的修复技术研究进展
〖作 者〗燕永利1,2，陈杰瑢1，张宁生2，屈撑囤2
〖机 构〗1.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，陕西 西安 710049；2.西安石油大学化学化工学院， 陕西西安710065
〖摘 要〗综述了国内外地下土壤、含水层DNAPLs污染的迁移机理及其修复技术研究进展，对该领域的研究前景做了展望。
〖关键词〗地下；土壤；地下水； 重质非水相流体；污染物迁移；修复技术
〖Abstract〗In recent years, the remediation technologies for soil and underwater contaminated by DNAPLs have developed rapidly in Europe and America. The research advances in magration mechanism and remidiation technologies for underground soil and aquifers contamination by DNAPLs were reviewed in this paper, and relevant foreground of the technologies was prospected.
〖Key words〗Subground underground; Soil; Ground water; DNAPLs; Transport pollutant; Rremediation technology
〖篇 名〗被动采样监测环境空气中SO2和NO2
〖作 者〗陈魁，张震，梅鹏蔚，张海波，王斌，张瑞芝，边玮瓅
〖机 构〗天津市环境监测中心，天津 300191
〖摘 要〗用自主研制的采样管开展环境空气中SO2和NO2的被动采样监测。结果表明，被动采样监测结果与自动监测结果高度相关，经回归方程修正后，两者的结果没有显著性差异，被动采样的采样和分析产生的误差得以消除。
〖关键词〗被动采样；自动监测；SO2；NO2；相关分析；t检验
〖Abstract〗Parallel air monitoring samplings had been performed in the locations of automatic stations with passive samplers and the automatic monitoring system．The two groups of detective data had been contrasted and analyzed. The result showed the data of passive sampler and the automatic monitoring system had well correlation. The data of passive sampling did not have significant deviations after the error was modified by regression equation.
〖Key words〗Passive sampling; Automatic monitoring; SO2; NO2; Correlation analysis; t-test
〖篇 名〗怠速工况下汽车使用乙醇汽油排放污染物的变化
〖作 者〗吴新杰，彭华，朱泽军，李斐，王琪
〖机 构〗河南省环境监测中心站，河南 郑州 450004
〖摘 要〗对怠速工况下使用乙醇汽油汽车尾气中污染物进行了检测。结果表明，使用乙醇汽油后，汽车尾气中CO和HC浓度明显降低，平均下降率为56.9%和38.2%；NOx平均下降率为15.0%；CO2浓度平均增长率为5.04%；苯系物浓度明显降低，平均下降率在45.5%～53.1%；醛类的浓度增加明显，平均增长率在47.8%～293%；丙酮、丁酮的浓度增加，分别为16.6%和25.3%。
〖关键词〗乙醇汽油；汽油；汽车；污染物；排放
〖Abstract〗The pollutants were detected from tail gas after Vehicles used the ethanol gasoline under idling condition. The result showed that the contents of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon decreased remarkably, and the average rates were 56.9 % and 38.2% separately, the NOx dropped 15.0 %, average growth rate of the carbon dioxide was 5.04%, the contents of aromatic compounds fell from 45.5% to 53.1%. The content of aldehydes increased obviously and average growth rates in 47.8 %～ 293 %, the average growth rates of acetone and butanone increased 16.6 % and 25.3 % respectively.
〖Key words〗Ethanol gasoline; Gasoline; Vehicle; Pollutants; Exhaust
〖篇 名〗建设项目现状环境影响评价数据引用的探讨
〖作 者〗李艳萍，周国栋
〖机 构〗常州市环境监测中心站，江苏 常州 213001
〖摘 要〗对建设项目环境影响现状监测历史数据的所有权归属进行了分析，环境监测机构具有现状监测成果的所有权，委托方有使用权。应对环境现状监测数据进行知识产权保护，使监测数据得到更好利用。
〖关键词〗建设项目；环境影响评价；监测数据
〖Abstract〗The ownership of present situation environmental monitoring data of the construction item was analyzed. The environmental monitoring institutes have ownership of the data and the clients have usufruct. The present situation monitoring data should be protected by the intellectual property rights and enable to utilize monitoring data well.
〖Key words〗Construction items; Environmental impact assessment； Monitoring data
〖篇 名〗南京市国控环境空气监测网络优化
〖作 者〗金鑫，唐雅萍，王合生
〖机 构〗南京市环境监测中心站，江苏 南京 210013
〖摘 要〗对南京市现有的国控环境空气监测网络现状进行了分析，指出了其存在的问题，提出了环境空气监测网络优化方案。
〖关键词〗环境空气；监测网络；优化；监测项目
〖Abstract〗The situation of the state ambient air monitoring network in Nanjing was analyzed to find a solution to existing deficiency. The optimization plan was proposed in ambient air monitoring location, monitoring item selection.
〖Key words〗Ambient air; Monitoring network; Optimization; Monitoring item
〖篇 名〗测量工频电磁场应注意的问题
〖作 者〗赵福祥，张起虹， 蔡新华，范磊，孙玉玉
〖机 构〗江苏省辐射环境监测管理站，江苏 南京 210036
〖摘 要〗根据高压输变电线路下工频电磁场测量工作的经验，提出应正确选择电磁辐射测量仪器，注重选择测量点位和高度，减少人为干扰和减小环境因素对测量的影响等，从而提高工频电磁场测量的准确性和可靠性。
〖关键词〗工频电磁场；电磁辐射；测量
〖Abstract〗According to experience of power frequency electromagnetic field measure under super-high voltage transformer line, the instrument as well as location and height of measure site should be correctly chosen to avoid influence on the measurement by the person and environmental factor, and improve the accuracy and the reliability of the power frequency electromagnetic field measurement.
〖Key words〗Power frequency electromagnetic field; Electromagnetic radiation; Measurement
〖篇 名〗硫化物水样预处理方法的改进
〖作 者〗陆劲松
〖机 构〗上海崇明县环境监测站, 上海 202150
〖摘 要〗以2% NaOH 溶液替代醋酸锌溶液为硫化物吸收液；另由体积分数50%的盐酸替代磷酸作酸化剂，可避免吸收瓶壁附着物生成，提高硫化物的吸收率，样品加标回收率为92.5%～100%。
〖关键词〗硫化物; 预处理; 酸化剂
〖Abstract〗The recovery of sulfide from the samples was from 92.5 % to 100 % with absorbent of 2 % NaOH solution. To avoid the deposition on the bottle wall and improve the sulfide recovery, the hydrochloric acid substituted phosphoric acid as acidulant.
〖Key words〗Sulfide; Pretreatment; Acidulant
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