2007年第4期目次
我国环境监测技术存在的问题及对策…………………………………………胡冠九（1）
环境监测实验室信息管理系统建设——以上海市环境监测中心为例
……………………………………………………… 王向明，伏晴艳，刘红，等（4）
色谱、光谱及联用技术在多农药残留检测中的应用…… 康长安，何娟，杨柳，等(9)
应用有限体积法分析污染源排放对饮用水源的影响……………… 袁洁，韩龙喜(15)
粪大肠菌群快速测定——纸片法的应用…………………………………… 赵凌宇(18)
广州市新建民用建筑工程土壤氡浓度调查………… 宋刚，邓令蓉，吴长青，等（21）
千岛湖网箱养鱼对水质的影响……………………… 焦荔，方志发，朱淑君，等（23）
SPE-HPLC法测定水中除草剂苯噻草胺残留量……… 李东颖，俞志刚，牛古丹（26）
液相色谱法测定环境空气中酞酸酯类…………………………… 苏娜，王玉平（28）
石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中银…………… 王霞，陈素兰，张祥志，等（32）
微波消解-原子荧光法测定土壤中汞、砷、硒…… 许建华，田锋，杜青，等（34）
微波技术在废水处理中的应用………………………………… 王翠玲，谷晋川(36)
基于GIS空间插值方法的长湖水质评价………………帅方敏，卢进登，王新生(40)
基于WebGIS的广东省危险废物登记交换平台的设计
………………………………………………………… 方元，陈利燕，聂云峰(43)
生化需氧量测定中若干因素探讨………………………………………… 沈叔平(46)
突发环境污染事件应急监测与处置仪器设备的配置………………陈宁，边归国(48)
红外光谱法在污染源异常排放调查中的应用……… 戴勇光，苏美云，朱海梅(51)
三点比较式臭袋法测定环境中臭气浓度…………………………………… 王玫(54)
乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定水中甲醛时影响空白值的因素…………鲁敏，董宜玲(56)
高土壤氡浓度测量效率的方法……………………… 高超， 葛良全， 郭生良(58)
2007年第4期主要文章中英文摘要
〖篇 名〗我国环境监测技术存在的问题及对策
〖作 者〗胡冠九
〖机 构〗江苏省环境监测中心，江苏 南京 210036
〖摘 要〗从监测结果的科学性、监测方法的系统性及应急技术的实用性角度，提出了目前我国环境监测技术存在的问题，指出应通过科学监测，反映真实的环境质量，研究有毒有害污染物的监测方法并使其标准化，加强突发污染事故的快速监测技术研究。
〖关键词〗环境监测；监测技术；中国
〖Abstract〗Insufficient of monitoring technologies was explained from the scientificalness of environmental monitoring and system integrity of analytical methods as well as practicability for emergency monitoring. The solutions should indicate the true quality of the environment by scientific monitoring, establish standardized monitoring methods for toxic and hazard pollutants determination, intensify fast monitoring technology research for sudden pollution incident.
〖Key words〗Environmental monitoring; Monitoring technique; China
〖篇 名〗环境监测实验室信息管理系统建设——以上海市环境监测中心为例
〖作 者〗王向明，伏晴艳，刘红，谢争
〖机 构〗上海市环境监测中心，上海200030
〖摘 要〗简述了实验室信息管理系统（LIMS）的概念和建设LIMS的现实意义，着重介绍了上海市环境监测中心实施LIMS的过程和体会，分析了环境监测实验室在LIMS选型和实施过程中需要注意的问题及LIMS对现行工作的影响，并对需进一步完善的功能提出了建议。
〖关键词〗实验室信息管理系统；环境监测；上海市
〖Abstract〗The concept of Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) and the relevant practical functions were introduced in this paper. Based on the application of the LIMS in Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, the key issues on the selection and implementation of the LIMS in environmental monitoring laboratory were analyzed. Together with the experience and lesson from practice of the LIMS, the potential impact on the current work was emphasized to make suggestion for improvement of the LIMS in the similar sectors.
〖Key words〗Laboratory information management system(LIMS); Environmental monitoring; Shanghai
〖篇 名〗色谱、光谱及联用技术在多农药残留检测中的应用
〖作 者〗康长安1，2，何娟1，杨柳1，高会云1，刘德仓1，卢奎1
〖机 构〗1.河南工业大学化学化工学院，河南 郑州 450052；2.江西省疾病预防控制中心，江西 南昌 330029
〖摘 要〗介绍了国内外多农药残留检测的发展状况，综述了色谱法、光谱法、色谱-质谱联用技术、色谱-光谱联用法、多维气相色谱技术的特点及在多农药残留检测中的应用，指出多农药残留检测在今后的农药残留检测中将占据主导地位。
〖关键词〗多农药残留；检测；色谱法；光谱法；质谱法；联用技术
〖Abstract〗The development of analytic methods for pesticide residues determination at home and abroad was introduced. The application methods of chromatographer, spectrometry, chromatography coupled with mass, spectrometry coupled with mass and multidimensional gas chromatography technique were reviewed. The multiresidues determination will be in leading position of the pesticide detection.
〖Key words〗Multi residues of pesticides; Determination; Chromatographer; Spectrometry; Mass spectrometry; Coupled techniques
〖篇 名〗应用有限体积法分析污染源排放对饮用水源的影响
〖作 者〗袁洁1，韩龙喜2
〖机 构〗南京市环境监测中心站，江苏 南京 210013；2.河海大学环境水利研究所，江苏南京 210013
〖摘 要〗根据南京市5家市政水厂水源保护区的污染源调查结果建立了长江南京段水动力和有限体积法水质数学模型，并结合各污染源的污染强度和排放规律，分析了枯水期在不同水文情况下，污染源排放对饮用水源地水质的影响。有限体积法的模拟结果与常规分析的监测结果均表明，水厂受污染程度为：上元门水厂＞北河口水厂＞城北水厂＞浦口水厂＞城南水厂。主要污染源为水量较大，且有一定污染的入江河流。
〖关键词〗饮用水源地；污染源；污染强度；有限体积法
〖Abstract〗The hydrodynamic water quality mathematical model was established from the results of pollution source investigation in water protective areas of 5 municipal water plants on Nanjing section of Yangtze River. The reason of coordination influence on water quality of the drinking water source areas by different hydrologic condition and pollution discharges was analyzed according to polluting intensity and discharge situation of pollution sources. The results from mathematical model analogue and the routine monitoring indicated that pollution level of the water plants was Shang
yunmen water plant > Beihekou water plant > north city water plant > Pukou water plant >South city water plant. The main pollution sources are small polluted rivers which flow into Yangtze River.
〖Key words〗Source drinking water area；Source of pollution；Pollution intensity；Finite Volume Method
〖篇 名〗粪大肠菌群快速测定——纸片法的应用
〖作 者〗赵凌宇
〖机 构〗苏州市环境监测中心站，江苏 苏州 215004
〖摘 要〗采集苏州具有代表性的地表水水体22个点位的样品，进行粪大肠菌群的测定方法比较，结果表明，《粪大肠菌群快速测定——纸片法》适于测定受粪便污染程度较轻的湖泊水体。但是，该方法的培养时间对阳性管率有明显影响，认为16 h～18 h是比较理想的培养时间。
〖关键词〗粪大肠菌群；纸片法；快速测定；培养时间
〖Abstract〗The samples collected from 22 sites of representative surface waters and comparison of detecting methods was performed. The result indicated paper strip method is suitable for the fecal coliform group detection in the light fecal pollution waters but it will influence rate of positive tubes. The ideal culture time is 16 h~18 h.
〖Key words〗Fecal coliform group；Paper strip method；Fast deteetion；Culture time
〖篇 名〗SPE-HPLC法测定水中除草剂苯噻草胺残留量
〖作 者〗李东颖，俞志刚，牛古丹
〖机 构〗哈尔滨理工大学化学与环境工程学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040
〖摘 要〗采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中除草剂苯噻草胺残留量，优化了试验条件。方法在0 mg/L～50.0 mg/L线性关系良好，检出限为0.05 mg/L，RSD为0.9%，加标回收率为82.0%～104%。
〖关键词〗苯噻草胺；固相萃取；高效液相色谱法；水质；除草剂
〖Abstract〗A SPE-HPLC method has been established for the determination of herbicide mefenacet residue after experimental condition optimized. The liner relationship within the range of 0 mg/L～50.0 mg/L was satisfactory. The limit detection was 0.05 mg/L, the relative standard deviation was 0.9% and the average recovery was within 82.0%～104%.
〖Key words〗Mefenacet; SPE; HPLC; Water quality; Herbicide
〖篇 名〗液相色谱法测定环境空气中酞酸酯类
〖作 者〗苏娜，王玉平
〖机 构〗沈阳市环境监测中心站，辽宁 沈阳 110016
〖摘 要〗制作了半挥发性有机物中流量采样装置，使用超细玻璃纤维滤膜采样，反相液相色谱法测定环境空气中酞酸酯类，并对样品净化方式、目标化合物在气相和颗粒物上的分布规律及采样器的捕集效率进行了试验。方法在0.50 mg/L～50.0 mg/L之间线性关系良好，当浓缩体积为1.0 mL、采样体积为144 m3时，目标化合物的检出限为0.4×10-3 μg/m3～6.0×10-3 μg/m3；当采样体积为6 m3时，检出限为0.008 μg/3～0.145 μg/m3。
〖关键词〗液相色谱法；酞酸酯类；环境空气
〖Abstract〗The phthalate esters were detected by reversed phase HPLC in ambient air particles collected with super fine fiber membrane by selfmade moderate flow equipments to capture semi volatile organic compounds. The experimental conditions were tested in method of sample purity, distribution of target compounds in air phase and particles, and capture efficiency of sampler. The liner relation of method was good between 0.50 mg/L and 50.0 mg/L. The limit detection of target compounds were from 0.4×10-3 μg/m3 to 6.0×10-3 μg/m3 as sample concentration volume was 1.0 mL at air sampling volume 144 m3. The limit detection of target compounds were from 0.008 μg/m3 to 0.145 μg/m3 as air sampling volume was 6 m3.
〖Key words〗HPLC; Phthalate esters; Ambient air
〖篇 名〗石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中银
〖作 者〗王霞，陈素兰，张祥志，陈波
〖机 构〗江苏省环境监测中心，江苏 南京 210036
〖摘 要〗建立了土壤样品中痕量银的石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定方法，优化了试验条件，标准曲线线性关系良好，当取样质量为0.25 g，定容体积为25 mL时，方法检出限为0.01 mg/kg。经标准样品验证，方法准确度符合土壤样品分析要求。
〖关键词〗银；土壤；石墨炉原子吸收光谱法
〖Abstract〗Method was established to determine the trace silver in the soils by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The experimental condition was optimized. The liner relation of method was good. The limit detection of method was 0.01 mg/kg at preparing digestive solution 25 mL by weighing about 0.25 g of soil sample. The method meets the accuracy requirements for trace silver determination in the soils with confirmation of standard reference samples.
〖Key words〗Silver; Soil; Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
〖篇 名〗微波技术在废水处理中的应用
〖作 者〗王翠玲，谷晋川
〖机 构〗西华大学能源与环境学院，四川 成都 610039
〖摘 要〗文章简述了微波直接辐射和微波再生技术在废水处理中的应用。指出了微波技术在废水处理中存在的问题，并对其发展前景进行了展望。
〖关键词〗微波辐射；再生；污水处理
〖Abstract〗The authors summarized the application and its disadvantage of the direct radiation and regeneration technology in waste water microwave processing, and expected development of the treatment technology.
〖Key words〗Microwave radiation; Regeneration revivification; Waste water processing
〖篇 名〗基于GIS空间插值方法的长湖水质评价
〖作 者〗帅方敏，卢进登，王新生
〖机 构〗湖北大学资源环境学院，湖北 武汉 430062
〖摘 要〗通过对各插值方法选择后取反距离加权法与克立格法对长湖的污染现状进行分析，结果表明大部分水域水质处于Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类，只有主要出水口习家口和刘岺闸附近的部分水域的水质可以达到Ⅳ类水质标准。同时发现反距离加权法与克立格法均具有较高的精度，但克立格法优于反距离加权法，这两种方法评价湖泊水质都能取得比较好的效果。
〖关键词〗空间插值法；水质评价；长湖
〖Abstract〗The methods of inverse distance to a power and the Kriging were selected from the interpolation methods to describe the present situation of Chang Lake's pollution. The results indicated the water quality in majority of the Lake was in V level even worse, only near the main water outlet was in IV. The both methods of inverse distance to a power and the Kriging were high precision but the Kriging method surpasses the inverse distance to a power. The two methods all can obtain the quite good effect in evaluation of the lake water quality.
〖Key words〗Spatial interpolation; Water quality evaluation; Changhu Lake
〖篇 名〗基于WebGIS的广东省危险废物登记交换平台的设计
〖作 者〗方元1，2，陈利燕1，2，聂云峰1，2
〖机 构〗 1中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100039；2中国科学院广州地球化学研究所, 广东 广州510640
〖摘 要〗选择广东省为研究区域，探讨危险废物信息化管理的建设目标，结合WebGIS技术开展广东省危险废物登记交换平台的设计，使广东省危险废物管理提升水平和效率。
〖关键词〗WebGIS；危险废物；环境信息系统；广东省
〖Abstract〗The goal of hazardous waste management in Guangdong area was discussed to design the waste registration information system based on WebGIS. The research will promote the works and improve the efficiency of the hazardous solid waste management in Guangdong province.
〖Key words〗WebGIS； Hazardous waste； Environment information system; Guangdong province
〖篇 名〗生化需氧量测定中若干因素探讨
〖作 者〗沈叔平
〖机 构〗杭州市环境监测中心站，浙江 杭州 310003
〖摘 要〗介绍了生化需氧量的方法建立过程，指出测定生化需氧量时，除了温度对测定有影响外，pH值、无机盐类、微生物种类和数量、稀释度、硝化作用、缓冲剂，以及充分的营养和毒性物质的存在与否都会对测定结果有影响。
〖关键词〗生化需氧量；水质；测定
〖Abstract〗The process of analytical method development for the biochemical oxygen demand determination was introduced. When determination of biochemical oxygen demand was performed, the temperature, pH value, the inorganic salts, species and the number of the microorganism, dilution, the nitrification, the buffer, as well as the full nutrition and the toxic material existence will influence the determination.
〖Key words〗Biochemical oxygen demand；Water quality; Determination
〖篇 名〗三点比较式臭袋法测定环境中臭气浓度
〖作 者〗王玫
〖机 构〗福建省环境监测中心站，福建 福州 350003
〖摘 要〗就三点比较式臭袋法在测定环境空气臭气浓度时应注意的现场踏勘、采样点的选择、采样次数、配气、嗅辨过程，以及臭气浓度计算等问题进行探讨，使该方法更加完善、简便。
〖关键词〗三点比较式臭袋法；臭气；测定
〖Abstract〗The key steps should be taken into account to determine the odor concentration in ambient air samples for improving and simplifying the method of the triangle odor bag. The steps are the field inspection, the sampling site selection, the sampling times, standard gases preparation, the process of smells distinguishes as well as the odor concentration calculation.
〖Key words〗Triangle odor bag method; Odor; Determination
〖篇 名〗乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定水中甲醛时影响空白值的因素
〖作 者〗鲁敏1， 董宜玲2
〖机 构〗1.东北电力大学化学工程学院，吉林 吉林 132012；2.深圳市大亚湾核电站， 广东 深圳 518000
〖摘 要〗针对水质中甲醛测定时试剂水、pH值、乙酰丙酮试剂、加热温度和显色时间等影响因素进行了讨论，并提出了减小空白值的对策。
〖关键词〗甲醛; 水质; 测定; 影响因素
〖Abstract〗The influence factors such as regent water，pH value, purity of acetylacetone solution, heating temperature, and colored time have been discussed. The countermeasure was proposed to reduce the blank value.
〖Key words〗Formaldehyde; Water quality; Determination; Affecting factors
|
