目 次
探索资源共享机制研发环境监测技术转化平台 ………… 张涛，张宁红，黎刚(1)
质谱技术在环境突发性事故中的应用 ……………吴诗剑，胡晓兰，张建萍，等(4)
土壤重金属污染生态风险评价方法综述…………… 刘晶 滕彦国，崔艳芳，等(6)
全尺度室内环境模拟箱研制及性能测评………… 陈晓丹，秦华鹏，于广河，等(12)
室内装饰装修材料测试舱的研制与应用…………………………… 孔福生，穆肃(16)
太湖梅梁湾水源水中微囊藻毒素浓度的变化……… 纪荣平，李先宁，吕锡武（20）
蔬菜与土壤环境中铅镉含量相关性调查………………………………… 周宁晖（23）
ASE萃取-SPE净化-HPLC法测定土壤中多环芳烃
…………………………………………………………卢福峰，邢核，许秀艳，等（25）
过氧化聚吡咯/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮修饰碳糊电极测定废水中苯酚
………………………………………………………………汪晖，王文昌，陈智栋（28）
氯苯及其电催化降解中间产物的高效液相色谱测定
………………………………………………………王建秋，邓延慧，夏明芳，等（32）
高效液相色谱法测定水中4种酰胺类除草剂…………………… 陆梅，丁长春（35）
次灵敏线测定地表水中高浓度钙和镁……………………………蔡裕丰，徐立生（37）
垃圾填埋场室内模拟试验注水量确定方法及其应用
………………………………………………………… 曹江英，黄涛，张西华，等(39)
模糊综合评价在青藏铁路西格段沿线生态环境影响评价中的应用
………………………………………………………… 周宾，魏丽，王瑛，等(43)
220 kV高压输电线电磁辐射水平及防护距离预测………………………… 周杨(46)
水中亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌检测方法的探讨…………………………… 陈捷音(49)
消除水中硫酸盐测定干扰的方法………………………………… 刘琳娟，张琪(52)
红外分光光度法测定水中油类物质吸附方法的比较……………………… 程丹(54)
COD在线分析仪比对中应注意的问题……………………………………… 王瑞慧(56)
Aqualab系统中氨氮测量值偏低的原因和解决办法
……………………………………………………… 陈吟晖，叶树才，杨满芽(58)
·简讯· （19）（22）(24)（38）(57)
主要文章中英文摘要
〖篇 名〗探索资源共享机制 研发环境监测技术转化平台
〖作 者〗张涛，张宁红，黎刚
〖机 构〗江苏省环境监测中心，江苏 南京 210036
〖摘 要〗阐述了公益与行业共性技术的概念和研发环境监测技术转化平台的必要性，介绍了平台的组织运行机制和网络平台的建设内容，指出该平台对加速科技成果转化、实现监测资源共享具有重要意义。
〖关键词〗环境监测；技术转化平台；共性技术
〖Abstract〗The necessity of technology transformed platform between the public welfare and the environmental monitoring research and development was described. The organization and performing mechanism of the platform as well as building the network platform were introduced. This platform has vital significance for accelerating the transformation of science and technology achievement and sharing monitoring resources.
〖Key words〗Environmental monitoring; Technical transformation platform; Common technology
〖篇 名〗质谱技术在环境突发性事故中的应用
〖作 者〗吴诗剑，胡晓兰，张建萍，刘鸣，谢争
〖机 构〗上海市环境监测中心，上海 200030
〖摘 要〗介绍了质谱技术在环境突发性事故应急监测中的应用，通过分析化工仓库爆炸应急监测和水厂污染事故调查监测两个实际案例，指出质谱技术能提供准确的定性定量结果，是环境突发性事故应急监测强有力的手段和工具。
〖关键词〗质谱技术；环境监测；突发性事故
〖Abstract〗The application of mass spectrum technology in environmental emergency monitoring was introduced. The technology can provide powerful method and tool in the monitoring because of its accurate quality and quantity result in reasons investigation of explodes in a industry chemical storage and water plant pollution.
〖Key words〗Mass spectrum technology; Environmental monitoring; Emergency accident
〖篇 名〗土壤重金属污染生态风险评价方法综述
〖作 者〗刘晶1，2，滕彦国1，2，崔艳芳1，2，王金生1，2
〖机 构〗1.北京师范大学水科学研究院，北京 100875； 2.水沙科学教育部重点实验室，北京 100875
〖摘 要〗生态风险评价是风险论与生态学、环境科学、地学等多种学科相互交叉的边缘学科。以土壤生态系统为对象，介绍了目前已有的几类重金属污染生态风险评价方法，包括概念模型法、数学模型法、指数法、形态分析法、植物培养法等。指出根据研究目的与污染特性选择适当的评价方法，可以为土壤生态风险管理提供科学信息。
〖关键词〗重金属；土壤污染；生态风险评价方法
〖Abstract〗The ecological risk assessment is a crossing edge subject of the risk theory, ecology, environmental science and geography etc. Soil ecosystem system is the study object of this article, because the phenomena of heavy metal polluted soils are more and more serious today. Taking the soil ecosystem as the object, at present some kinds of heavy metals pollution ecology risk assessment methods such as the concept model method, mathematics model method, index method, speciation analysis method,speciation analysis method ,planting method were introduced. The suitable assessment method according to the goal of study and the pollution characteristic can provide the scientific information for the soil ecology risk management.
〖Key words〗Heavy metal; Soil pollution; Ecological risk assessment ;Method
〖篇 名〗全尺度室内环境模拟箱研制及性能测评
〖作 者〗陈晓丹1，秦华鹏1,2，于广河2，栾胜基1,2
〖机 构〗1.北京大学深圳研究生院，城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室，广东 深圳 518055；2.深港产学研基地，深圳环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室，广东 深圳 518057
〖摘 要〗介绍了全尺度室内环境模拟箱，以及研究开发的与室内实际空间尺寸相仿的大容量环境模拟箱具备的对试验条件的调节功能。在标准试验条件（箱内温度23 ℃，相对湿度45%，换气量30 m3/h）下，箱内温度、相对湿度和换气量的波动误差分别为0.21 ℃、0.35%、0.15 m3/h。实验结果表明，环境模拟箱的气密性和混合性良好，本底浓度较低，能为室内空气污染研究提供环境条件稳定、背景干扰小的室内仿真环境。对大芯板甲醛释放测定的结果表明，环境模拟箱能够较准确地模拟室内污染物的释放过程和规律。
〖关键词〗全尺度；室内；环境模拟箱；性能试验
〖Abstract〗Full-scale indoor environmental simulation cabin was introduced. The cabin of research and development has a capacity of actual room size and adjustment function for change of test condition. In the standard test condition (chamber temperature 23 ℃, relative humidity 45%, air change volume 30 m3/h) the error of chamber temperature is 0.21 ℃, the relative humidity 0.35 % and air change volume 0.15 m3/h. The experimental result indicated the cabin has a good gas tightness and mixture function, lower background, and can provide a stable environmental condition for simulation indoor environment in which the process of formaldehyde release form artificial woodbased boards can be accurately obtained.
〖Key words〗Full-scale; Indoor; Environment simulation cabin; Performance test
〖篇 名〗室内装饰装修材料测试舱的研制与应用
〖作 者〗孔福生，穆肃
〖机 构〗江苏省环境监测中心，江苏 南京 210036
〖摘 要〗介绍了测试舱的研制意义、测试舱构造和温度控制部分，以及空气交换、循环控制，空气净化装置和温度、湿度、流速显示装置等。通过实验，对测试舱的温度控制，空气净化系统检验，空气交换、循环的检验，释放甲醛平衡点的快速判断和测试舱的比对等运行技术指标进行了论证、优化。结果表明，简易的室内装饰装修材料测试舱对主要运行参数可以自动运行与控制，运行情况满足国家标准方法的技术指标要求，与同类商品化测试舱相比，误差在2％左右。
〖关键词〗室内空气污染；测试舱；研制；应用
〖Abstract〗The test cabin as well as its structure, temperature control system, air interchange and cyclic control, air-cleaning facility, display units of temperature, humidity, speed of flow was introduced. The demonstrability and optimization of the cabin technical specification have been done in the tests of temperature control, air-cleaning facility system, the air interchange system, the circulation system, fast judgement of formaldehyde release balance point. The test result indicated the cabin can be automatically running and controlled according to the setting parameters. The running situation meets the test method demand of national standard the technical specification. The test error is about 2% compared with the similar commercialized test cabin of selling.
〖Key words〗Room air pollution; Testing cabin；Development; Application
〖篇 名〗太湖梅梁湾水源水中微囊藻毒素浓度的变化
〖作 者〗纪荣平1,2, 李先宁2, 吕锡武2
〖机 构〗1.扬州大学环境科学与工程学院，江苏扬州 225009； 2.东南大学能源与环境学院，江苏 南京 210096
〖摘 要〗对太湖梅梁湾水源水中的总藻毒素TMC［（TMC-LR）+（TMC-RR）］和胞外藻毒素EMC［（EMC-LR）+（EMC-RR）］进行了跟踪检测。结果表明，水体中TMC-RR、TMC-LR、EMC-RR、EMC-LR质量浓度平均分别为1.819 μg/L、1.090 μg/L、0.491 μg/L和0.077 μg/L，无锡市的主要水源地水质已受到微囊藻毒素的污染。提出，应加强水源地水体中微囊藻毒素浓度的监测，确保饮用水的安全。
〖关键词〗微囊藻毒素；水源；水污染；太湖
〖Abstract〗The total microcystins concentration and extracellular microcystin in source water of Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake were detected on the time monitoring. The average concentrations of total microcystin-RR, LR and extracellular microcystin-RR, LR were 1.819 μg/L, 1.090 μg/L, 0.491 μg/L, 0.077 μg/L respectively. It indicated microcystins polluted the most of the source water in Wuxi city. The microcystins concentration monitoring in source water should be enhanced to protect the drinking water safety.
〖Key words〗Ricrocystins；Water source；Water pollution; Taihu Lake
〖篇 名〗ASE萃取-SPE净化-HPLC法测定土壤中多环芳烃
〖作 者〗卢福峰1，2，邢核2，许秀艳2，李国刚2
〖机 构〗1.北京科技大学，北京 100083；2.中国环境监测总站，北京 100029
〖摘 要〗建立了加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取净化-高效液相色谱测定土壤中16种多环芳烃的方法，优化了试验条件。方法线性关系良好，16种多环芳烃的检出限在0.412 ng/g～3.974 ng/g之间，空白加标试验的相对标准偏差在1.2%～12.7%之间，基质加标回收率在60.4%～126%之间。实际样品的测定结果表明该方法分离效果好，能够满足土壤分析的要求。
〖关键词〗多环芳烃；加速溶剂萃取；固相萃取；高效液相色谱法；土壤
〖Abstract〗A method was established by high effective liquid chromatography determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil samples with accelerated solvent extraction purify coupled with solidphase extraction cleanup after detective condition was optimized. The linear relations between absorption value and each polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mass concentration were good, and detection limits ranged from 0.412 ng/g to 3.974 ng/g. The relative standard deviations of blank standard addition ranged from 1.2% to 12.7%. The matrix spike recovery ranged from 60.4% to 126%. The results of actual samples determination show the method has good effect of separation and meets the demand of soil analysis.
〖Key words〗Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Acceleration solvent extraction; Solid phase extraction; HPLC; Soil
〖篇 名〗过氧化聚吡咯/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮修饰碳糊电极测定废水中苯酚
〖作 者〗汪晖，王文昌，陈智栋
〖机 构〗江苏工业学院化学工程系，江苏 常州 213164
〖摘 要〗建立了过氧化聚吡咯（OPPy）和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）修饰碳糊电极测定废水中苯酚的方法。优化了试验条件，苯酚的氧化峰电流在1.0×10-5 mol/L～1.0×10-3 mol/L之间线性关系良好，检出限为1.0×10-6 mol/L。该电极制作简单，选择性好，测定灵敏度高，精密度与准确度均符合要求。
〖关键词〗过氧化聚吡咯；聚乙烯吡咯烷酮；修饰碳糊电极；苯酚；废水
〖Abstract〗A new method of a carbon paste electrode coated with Overoxidized Polypyrrole (OPPy) and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has been developed for determination of phenol in wastewater. Optimized the test condition, the linear relation of oxidation peak current and the concentration of phenol is good and the range between 1.0×10-5 mol/L to 1.0×10-3mol/L. The detection limit is at 1.0×10-6 mol/L. The modified electrode is easily prepared and has high sensitivity and selectivity. The test result shows the accuracy and precision of the method meet the demand of the phenol determination.
〖Key words〗Overoxidized Polypyrrole; Polyvinylpyrrolidone; Modified carbon paste electrode; Phenol; Wastewater
〖篇 名〗氯苯及其电催化降解中间产物的高效液相色谱测定
〖作 者〗王建秋1，邓延慧2，3，夏明芳2，3，徐炎华1
〖机 构〗1.南京工业大学城市建设与安全环境学院，江苏 南京 210009； 2.江苏省环境科学研究院，江苏 南京 210036； 3.江苏省环境工程重点实验室，江苏 南京 210036
〖摘 要〗建立了高效液相色谱测定氯苯及其电催化降解中间产物对氯苯酚、对苯二酚、邻苯二酚、苯酚、反丁烯二酸的方法，优化了色谱条件。采用外标法定量，方法线性关系良好，RSD在0.3%～1.7%之间，加标回收率在90.5%～104%之间，适用于氯苯电催化降解过程的追踪测定。
〖关键词〗高效液相色谱法；氯苯；电催化；降解；中间产物
〖Abstract〗Optimized the chromatograph test condition, a method was established by HPLC for determination of chlorobenzene and its the electrocatalysis degradative intermediary products pchlorophenol, hydroquinone, catechol, phenol and fumaric acid with external standard quantity. The method linearity relation is good. The RSD ranged from 0.3% to 1.7% and recovery from 90.5% to 104%. The method is suitable for determination to trace the chlorobenzene electricity catalysis degeneration process.
〖Key words〗HPLC; Chlorobenzene; Electrocatalysis; Degradation; Intermediates
〖篇 名〗高效液相色谱法测定水中4种酰胺类除草剂
〖作 者〗陆梅，丁长春
〖机 构〗淮安市环境监测中心站，江苏 淮安 223001
〖摘 要〗采用高效液相色谱法同时测定水中4种酰胺类除草剂，优化了试验条件。方法线性关系良好，检出限敌稗为0.000 5 mg/L，乙草胺为0.002 mg/L，丙草胺为0.005 mg/L，丁草胺为0.005 mg/L，RSD≤5.6%，平均加标回收率在84.1%～95.1%之间。
〖关键词〗高效液相色谱法；敌稗；乙草胺；丙草胺；丁草胺；水质
〖Abstract〗Four acetamidegroup herbicides in water were determined by HPLC after the test condition was optimized. The linear relation is good, and detective limit of porpanil is 0.000 5 mg/L, the acetochlor0.002 mg/L, the pretiachlor 0.005 mg/L and butchlor 0.005 mg/L. The relative standard deviation was ≤5.6% and average recovery was between 84.1% and 95.1%.
〖Key words〗HPLC; Porpanil; Acetochlor; Pretiachlor; Butchlor; Water quanlity
〖篇 名〗垃圾填埋场室内模拟试验注水量确定方法及其应用
〖作 者〗曹江英，黄涛，张西华，刘辉
〖机 构〗西南交通大学环境科学与工程学院，四川 成都 610031
〖摘 要〗针对填埋场室内模拟试验往往忽略降雨径流和初损的问题，提出运用SCS模型确定室内模拟试验日注水量的方法，并将计算结果应用于成都长安填埋场室内模拟试验中。结果表明，采用SCS模型计算所得的日入渗量进行注水的模拟柱渗滤液产量和水质变化能够更准确的模拟填埋场实际情况。
〖关键词〗垃圾填埋场；室内试验；降水；模拟试验；SCS模型
〖Abstract〗A method using SCS model for determination of daily water injection volume is applied in chengdu city landfill test to supply the precipitationrunoff and initial abstraction in laboratory simulation. The result indicated that the daily infiltration volume of the simulation column and water quality change calculated with SCS model can accurately simulate the actual situation of chengdu city landfill.
〖Key words〗Landfill; In room Test; Precipitation; Simulation test; SCS model
〖篇 名〗模糊综合评价在青藏铁路西格段沿线生态环境影响评价中的应用
〖作 者〗周宾1，魏丽1，王瑛2，陈淑连3
〖机 构〗1.兰州理工大学石油化工学院，甘肃 兰州 730050；2.兰州理工大学土木工程学院，甘肃 兰州 730050； 3.铁道第一勘察设计院环设处，甘肃 兰州 730000
〖摘 要〗介绍了模糊综合评价方法，并应用该方法对青藏铁路（西格段）沿线的环境影响，尤其是生态环境影响进行了评价。实例表明，被评价范围内的生态环境敏感性为中等，青藏铁路（西格段）增建第二线的工程对原有地形植被、生态环境造成了一定影响。模糊综合评价方法对于生态环境影响分析与评价具有重要的参考意义和应用价值。
〖关键词〗模糊数学；综合评价；生态环境；环境影响；敏感性
〖Abstract〗The fuzzy synthesis to the Qinghai and railway (the Tibet -gelmu section) ecology environment impact assessment was introduced. The example indicated the ecological environment sensitivity of the section belongs to medium level and the second railway construction has impacted the original vegetation and ecological environment. The application of fuzzy synthesis evaluation has an important reference significance and value to the analysis of ecological environment influence.
〖Key words〗Fuzzy; Synthetical evaluation; Ecological environment; Environment impact; Sensitivity
〖篇 名〗220 kV高压输电线电磁辐射水平及防护距离预测
〖作 者〗周杨
〖机 构〗江苏省辐射环境监测管理站，江苏 南京 210036
〖摘 要〗依据《500 kV超高压送变电工程电磁辐射环境影响评价技术规范》(HJ/T 24-1998)中的预测模式对监测点周围地面1.5 m处工频电场进行了验证性监测，表明实际测定结果与理论计算结果基本吻合。通过对220 kV双回同相、双回逆相和单回线路下地面1.5 m、4.5 m、和7.5 m处工频电场变化趋势分析，预测了220 kV高压输电线产生的电磁辐射水平，以及不同房屋结构的防护距离。提出了220 kV高压输电线电磁辐射的防护措施。
〖关键词〗高压输电线；电磁辐射；预测模式
〖Abstract〗According to“500 kV Ultrahigh voltage To deliver Changes Electricity Project Electromagnetic radiation environmental effect assessment technology standard” (HJ/T 24 -1998) the confirmation is performed power frequency electric field on the 1.5 m ground around the monitoring site by the forecast pattern. The result confirmed the same electric field intensity of actually determination and the theoretical calculation. From the variance of power frequency electric field on 1.5 m, 4.5 m, and 7.5 m ground of double phase circuit and single phase circuit to find the electromagnetic radiation levels and protection distance of different building frame. The protective measure of 220 kV high-voltage transmission line electromagnetic radiation was introduced.
〖Key words〗High-voltage transmission line ；Radiated emission ；Prediction models
〖篇 名〗水中亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌检测方法的探讨
〖作 者〗陈捷音
〖机 构〗莆田市荔城区环境监测站，福建 莆田 351100
〖摘 要〗介绍了亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌的培养方法，并用MPN法计数亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌。对判断培养物中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐存在的显色反应进行了对比试验。结果表明，在NO-3的显色反应中，可用氨基磺酸铵溶液作为NO-2的抑制剂，并且要先加入二苯胺，再滴加浓硫酸，这样更便于结果观察。指出硝化细菌培养基对于显色反应没有影响，NO-2显色的质量浓度为0.15 mg/L。
〖关键词〗硝酸盐；亚硝酸盐；细菌；氨氮；生物监测
〖Abstract〗The nitrosococcus bacteria and the nitrifying bacteria culture methods were introduced. The numbers of nitrosation bacteria and the nitrifying bacteria were counted with the MPN, Contrast experiment on the color reactions to judge nitrite and nitrate in the culture medium was performed. The result indicated that take the ammonium sulfamate solution as the inhibitor for NO2- in the NO3- color reaction, and adds the diphenylamine first, then the sulfuric acid drop by drop for easy observation. The nitrifying bacteria culture medium dose not affected the color reaction and the mass concentration of NO2- coloration is 0.15 mg/L.
〖Key words〗Nitrate; Nitrite; Bacteria; Ammonia Nitrogen; Biomonitoring
〖篇 名〗消除水中硫酸盐测定干扰的方法
〖作 者〗刘琳娟，张琪
〖机 构〗南通市环境监测中心站，江苏 南通 226006
〖摘 要〗铬酸钡间接原子吸收法测定水中硫酸盐时，样品的稀释倍数、盐度、酸度对测定结果影响较大。通过试验得出消除干扰的方法，使得测定结果准确、可信。
〖关键词〗硫酸盐；酸度；稀释；测定
〖Abstract〗The sample dilution multiple, salinity and acidity heavily influence the detecting result of sulfate determinated by complex acid barium indirect flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The measures gotten from experimental tests to eliminate those lnterferences make the determinating results correct and credible.
〖Key words〗Sulfate; Acidity; Dilution; Determination
〖篇 名〗红外分光光度法测定水中油类物质吸附方法的比较
〖作 者〗程丹
〖机 构〗文山州环境监测站，云南 文山 663000
〖摘 要〗吸附处理是红外法测定石油类的一个重要环节。通过实验对吸附柱法和振荡吸附法进行对较，结果表明动植物油质量浓度为0.560 mg/L～145 mg/L的水样，振荡吸附法吸附效率高于吸附柱法。振荡吸附法还具有操作时间短、硅酸镁耗量低、对操作人员危害性小、样品可批量分析的优点。
〖关键词〗红外光度法； 石油类； 动植物油； 吸附效率
〖Abstract〗The adsorption method is an important step in infrared spectrophotometry to determine petroleum oils. The results of comparison indicated that adsorption efficiency of shake method was higher than that of column method for determining petroleum oils in water samples containing 0.560mg/L ~ 144.6mg/L animal fats and vegetable oils. The shake adsorption method has the advantages of short operating time, low magnesium silicate consumption, small hazard, and batch analysis.
〖Key words〗Infrared spectrophotometry; Petroleum oils; Animal fats and vegetable oils; Adsorption efficiency
〖篇 名〗COD在线分析仪比对中应注意的问题
〖作 者〗王瑞慧
〖机 构〗南京市环境监测中心站，江苏 南京 210013
〖摘 要〗分析了COD在线分析仪和实验室比对结果人为差异的原因是样品不均匀，在线分析仪取样装置滤过，取样层面和采样方式以及沉淀消除的方法不同造成的。提出应在相同的地点、层面和同一容器取样，用相同沉淀消除方法去除样品中氯离子干扰，保证两方法比对中使用水样的一致均匀，使测试结果正确可信。
〖关键词〗工业废水；COD在线分析仪；比对
〖Abstract〗The reason of difference results of on-line analyzer and the laboratory was caused by the dissimilar sample, the on-line analyzer filters, different stratification sampling and precipitation elimination method. The check and accept process for industrial waste COD on-line analyzer should guarantee to the identity test condition such as in the same place and stratification sampling, in same container sampling for both tests, with the same precipitation elimination method to remove chloride ion to make the result correct and credible.
〖Key words〗Industrial waste water; COD on-line analyzer; Comparison
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