目 次
对我国环境自动监测发展的思考…………………………………… 陈建江（1）
环境保护科技档案文档一体化信息系统建设………………………黄 桢（4）
环境遥感监测技术进展………………………………………………黎 刚（8）
应用地理信息系统进行垃圾填埋场选址的初步研究
………………………………………………… 杨坤，杭德荣，颜维安，等(12)
海州湾圆筛藻与环境因子的关系研究…… … 潘雪峰，张鹰，张东，等(15)
海南红沙港海水中细菌污染调查与评价……朱白婢，陈宏，李春强，等（19）
南京市快速道路交通噪声污染调查…………………… 喻义勇，陈建江（22）
微波联合消解流动注射光度法测定水中总氮和总磷
……………………………………………… 苏苓，张海涛，王庆霞，等（25）
GC-MS法测定蔬菜和水果中八氯二丙醚
…………………………………………… 刘永波，张明霞，薛瑞芳，等（28）
气相色谱法测定水中痕量乙酸乙酯和乙酸乙烯酯…… 姚朝英，杨丽莉（31）
环境水质氨氮的快速检测……………… 邓金花，吴清平，廖富迎，等（33）
厌氧填埋垃圾降解阶段指标体系的建立…… 张西华，黄涛，曹江英，等(35)
室内人造板材制品释放挥发性有机化合物研究
…………………………………………………… 黄燕娣，赵寿堂，胡玢(38)
火电厂烟气自动化监测系统的比对监测……… 常卫民，刘宁锴，沈建康(41)
地表水泥沙与总磷测定值的相关性分析……………… 王晓青，吕平毓(45)
公众意见调查在建设项目竣工环保验收监测中的作用
………………………………………………… 刘世辉，蔺冬梅，周春华(48)
烟尘监测时采样滤筒的质量控制……………………… 李阳春，舒彩凤(50)
地表水中BOD5监测时的快速估算………………………………… 陈胜昌(52)
延长初发酵培养时间对大肠菌群结果影响分析……甄清，李勇，王一东(54)
热分解法与紫外分光光度法测定总氮的方法比对……………王斌，施颲(56)
环境水样采集过程中的质量保证措施…… 池靖，邢核，王光，等编译（57）
•简讯• （14）（24）（30）（40）（44）（47）（55）
主要文章中英文摘要
〖篇 名〗对我国环境自动监测发展的思考
〖作 者〗陈建江
〖机 构〗南京市环境监测中心站，江苏 南京 210013
〖摘 要〗阐述了我国环境自动监测的现状，指出环境自动监测的发展势头迅猛异常，国产自动监测仪器设备的发展前景广阔，而仪器设备标准化和监测系统规范化问题比较突出，建议自动监测系统的建设发展速度适度控制，重视自动监测信息建设与数据共享问题，加强监控管理，理顺管理体制和运行机制。
〖关键词〗环境；自动监测；信息
〖Abstract〗The author described present situation about environmental automatic monitoring in our country, and pointed out exceptionally fast development tendency of the works of environmental automatic monitoring. The homemade automatic monitoring instruments and equipments have a happy market future, but many thorny problems on standardization of instrument and equipment and monitoring system should be solved. The author makes good suggestions to control the developing speed of automatic monitoring system construction, think much of share information and monitoring data, strengthen the supervision and management, as well as achieve administrative framework and operation within reason.
〖Key words〗Environment; Automatic monitoring; Information
〖篇 名〗环境遥感监测技术进展
〖作 者〗黎刚
〖机 构〗江苏省环境监测中心，江苏 南京 210036
〖摘 要〗分析了目前国内外遥感技术在环境监测中的应用进展，综述了遥感技术在大气环境监测、水污染监测、海洋监测、地表监测、固体废弃物监测中的应用情况及技术特点，指出了遥感技术应用于环境监测存在的关键问题和研究方向。
〖关键词〗环境遥感；环境监测；“3S”技术
〖Abstract〗The author reviewed present progress of remote sensing technology in the environmental monitoring at home and abroad, summarized application and technologcal characteristic in atmospheric environment, water pollution, the sea, the ground and solid waster monitoring, indicated key problem in existence and the put forward research direction for environmental monitoring.
〖Key words〗Environmental remote sensing; Environmental monitoring; 3S technology
〖篇 名〗应用地理信息系统进行垃圾填埋场选址的初步研究
〖作 者〗杨坤1,2，杭德荣1，颜维安1，杨国静1，吴荷珍1，周晓农2
〖机 构〗1.江苏省血吸虫病防治研究所，江苏无锡214064；2.中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所，上海200025
〖摘 要〗在ArcGIS 8.3软件空间分析模块（spatial analysis）支持下，以江苏省长江以南市辖区为研究对象，进行了空间叠加和空间复合查询分析，以确定垃圾填埋场候选区域分布，并同已有的垃圾填埋场监测点进行比较，结果表明，利用地理信息系统技术进行垃圾填埋场辅助分析是可行的。
〖关键词〗地理信息系统；选址；垃圾填埋场；空间；分析
〖Abstract〗In support of ArcGIS 8.3 software spaces analysis module (spatial analysis),the technique of the spatial superimposition and the spatial compound inquiry analysis were applied to select landfill field for future possible use at the south municipal district of Yangtze river in Jiangsu Province, and compare that with the monitoring sites of the landfill fields in use. The results indicated that geographic information system technology is possible for assistance analysis to select new landfill fields.
〖Key words〗Geographic information system (GIS)；Location selection；Landfill fields；Space； Analysis
〖篇 名〗海南红沙港海水中细菌污染调查与评价
〖作 者〗朱白婢1，陈宏2，李春强1，何非2，刘志昕1，彭明1
〖机 构〗1．中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所，热带作物生物技术国家重点实验室,海南海口571101； 2.海南南海热带海洋生物及病害研究所，海南陵水572426
〖摘 要〗于2006年4—6月在红沙港海域进行了四个航次调查，对海域中5个站位的海水样品进行了细菌学检测。结果表明，四个航次海水粪大肠杆菌群超标率最高为40%，异养细菌总数超标率均达60%以上。四个航次海水粪大肠杆菌单项污染指数平均值分别为0.755、1.792、2.215和0.578，异养细菌总数单项污染指数平均值分别为1.54、2.73、24.04和6.11。生物统计学分析显示，粪大肠杆菌群与异养细菌总数存在一定的正相关关系，其相关系数r2=0.439 9。红沙港海水已受到粪大肠杆菌和异氧细菌污染。
〖关键词〗异养细菌；粪大肠杆菌；水污染指数；红沙港
〖Abstract〗Bacteria were detected from seawater samples collected in 5 coastal areas at 4 voyage investigations during the period from April to June in 2006 on the sea area of Hong Sha harbor. The results indicated that highest rate of over permitted standard of clone formula unit(cfu)of fecal coliform reaches 40 % and the rate of permitted standard of heterotrophic bacteria goes over 60 %. The average value of contamination index of fecal coliform were 0.755,1.792,2.215,0.578 respectively，and that of heterotrophic bacteria were 1.54,2.73,24.04,6.11 in the seawater samples of the 4 voyage. Bio-statistical analysis indicated a positive correlation between the clone formula unit(cfu)of coliform bacteria and the number of heterotrophic bacteria, and the coefficient was r2=0.439 9.That means coastal seawater of the harbor has already been contaminated by both fecal coliform and heterotrophic bacteria.
〖Key words〗Heterotrophic bacteria; Fecal coliform; Water contamination index ; Hong Sha harbor
〖篇 名〗南京市快速道路交通噪声污染调查
〖作 者〗喻义勇，陈建江
〖机 构〗南京市环境监测中心站，江苏南京210013
〖摘 要〗对南京市城西干道凤台路、虎踞北路双层高架道路交通噪声进行了测量。结果表明，城西干道两侧30m范围内夜间噪声严重超标。建议今后在建设城市快速道路时，地面路段两侧可种植绿化隔离带，高架路段设置隔声屏障；不具备条件的可为临街住户安装隔声门窗，以保护道路两侧的居住环境。
〖关键词〗快速道路；交通噪声；城西干道；南京市
〖Abstract〗Traffic noise was measured on motorway of west nanjing at doublefloor overhead roads of Fengtai and North Huju. The result indicated that noise was over the criteria in 50 meters along the motorway sides at the night.To protect inhabitation environment, the authors suggest it would plant vegetables to built noise isolation belt, construct sound insulation barriers and install the soundproofing windowsands for inhabitants along the motorway.
〖Key words〗Motorway; Traffic noise; Main road of west city; Nanjing
〖篇 名〗微波联合消解流动注射光度法测定水中总氮和总磷
〖作 者〗苏苓1，张海涛1，王庆霞1，吴华广2
〖机 构〗1.徐州建筑职业技术学院，江苏徐州221008； 2.徐州矿业集团环境监测站，江苏徐州221000
〖摘 要〗利用微波联合消解水样，采用流动注射分析技术，建立了在线测定水中总氮和总磷的快速分析方法。优化了试验条件，在线性范围内，总氮和总磷的工作曲线线性关系良好，检出限分别为0.03 mg/L和0.01 mg/L，相对标准偏差分别为1.5%和1.2%，加标回收率分别为96.7%～103%和98.8%～102%。
〖关键词〗微波消解；流动注射；分光光度法；总氮；总磷；水质
〖Abstract〗An online method was established to determinate total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in water sample which is digested by microwave and detected with flow injection spectrophotometry. After the experimental condition was optimized, the test result indicated linear relations of TN and TP calibration curves were excellent in their standard concentrations, the limits of detection of TN and TP are 0.03 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L respectively, the relative standard deviation TN 1.5% and TP 1.2%, spike recoveries TN 96.7%～103% and TP 98.8%～102%.
〖Key words〗Microwave digestion; Flow injection; Spectrophotometry; TN; TP; Water quality
〖篇 名〗GC-MS法测定蔬菜和水果中八氯二丙醚
〖作 者〗刘永波，张明霞，薛瑞芳，崔磊
〖机 构〗青岛市城市排水监测站，山东青岛266002
〖摘 要〗建立了固相萃取-GC-MS法测定蔬菜和水果中八氯二丙醚残留的方法，样品采用乙腈均质提取，固相萃取柱净化，正己烷定容。优化了试验条件，选择了定性与定量离子，方法线性良好，最低检出限为0.004 7 mg/kg，加标量为0.10 mg/L～1.00 mg/L时，回收率为87.0%～96.0%，RSD<4.0%。
〖关键词〗固相萃取；GC-MS法；八氯二丙醚；蔬菜；水果
〖Abstract〗Octachlorodipropyl ether residue in vegetables and fruits was detected by GC-MS-SIM with solid phase extraction(SPE). Mixed samples are extracted by acetonitrile, and purified by Florisil cartridge，dissolved by hexane. The MDL is 0.004 7 mg/kg after experimental condition was optimized and quality and quantity ions were selected. The samples spiked at 0.10 mg/L～1.00 mg/L, the recovery is 87.0%～96.0%, the RSD less than 4.0%.
〖Key words〗SPE; SIM-GC-MS; Octachlorodipropyl ether; Vegetables; Fruit
〖篇 名〗厌氧填埋垃圾降解阶段指标体系的建立
〖作 者〗张西华，黄涛，曹江英，刘辉
〖机 构〗西南交通大学环境科学与工程学院， 四川成都610031
〖摘 要〗以厌氧填埋场中垃圾的降解过程为依托点，从渗滤液的水质特征和填埋气的组成两个方面筛选出判断指标，最后建立判断填埋垃圾降解阶段的指标体系。结果表明，ρ（BOD5）/ρ（COD）可以反映出渗滤液的可生化性，从而间接反映出填埋垃圾所处的降解阶段，是判断填埋垃圾降解阶段的重要定量指标。
〖关键词〗生活垃圾;卫生填埋;生物降解;指标体系
〖Abstract〗Based on the biodegradation processes of domestic garbage in anaerobic landfill, the indexes for judgment are chosen from the leachate characteristics and gases composition of their landfilled garbage. Those indexes establish a system for indicating decomposition phase of landfilled domestic garbage. The results show thatρ（BOD5）/ρ（COD）indicates biochemical ability of the leachate directly and decay stage of domestic garbage indirectly, so it is an important quantity index for judgment of decomposition phase of the landfilled garbage.
〖Key words〗Domestic garbage; Health landfill; Bio-degradation; Index system
〖篇 名〗室内人造板材制品释放挥发性有机化合物研究
〖作 者〗黄燕娣，赵寿堂，胡玢
〖机 构〗北京市劳动保护科学研究所，北京100054
〖摘 要〗通过对浸渍纸层压木质地板、实木地板、实木复合地板、竹地板、胶合板、细木工板6种共39个人造板材中的挥发性有机物进行定性研究，确定了家用人造板材制品释放的主要挥发性有机物种类，以及人造板材制品中芳香族化合物的主要来源。通过对5间购入新家具的室内环境空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯和总挥发性有机化合物（TVOC）的定量分析，确定了人造板材制品释放挥发性有机化合物的污染水平。研究表明，人造板材释放的挥发性有机化合物以烯烃、芳香族、酯类化合物为主，其中芳香族化合物主要来源于胶合板和细木工板，室内人造板材制品的使用可以使室内环境空气中挥发性有机化合物的质量浓度显著提高。
〖关键词〗人造板材；挥发性有机化合物；室内空气；污染
〖Abstract〗The volatile organic compounds quality analysis was performed for 39 samples in 6 kinds of synthetic products such as soaked paper lamination wood floor, wood floor, wood compound floor, the bamboo floor, plywood, joiner board to confirm the chemical structure of the compounds. The air concentration of the formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) released from synthetic products were determined in 5 rooms placed new furniture to get the pollution levels. The results indicated most of volatile organic compounds released from the synthetic products were alkanet, aromatic, esteral compounds. The aromatic compounds mainly come from the plywood and joiner board. The indoor air concentration of the volatile organic compounds in rooms can be remarkably increased by use of the synthetic products.
〖Key words〗Synthetic product；Volatile organic compounds；Indoor air; Pollution
〖篇 名〗火电厂烟气自动化监测系统的比对监测
〖作 者〗常卫民，刘宁锴，沈建康
〖机 构〗江苏省环境监测中心，江苏南京210036
〖摘 要〗介绍了火电厂烟气自动化在线监控系统按照《固定污染源烟气连续监测系统技术要求及检测方法》(HJ/T 76-2001)，以及《固定污染源排气中颗粒物测定与气态污染物采样方法》(GB/T 16157-1996)和《固定污染源排气中二氧化硫的测定 定电位电解法》(HJ/T 57-2000)对大气污染物中颗粒物、二氧化硫和流速进行了比对监测，结果表明，颗粒物、二氧化硫和流速的测定结果均符合规定要求。
〖关键词〗比对；监测；烟气；自动化监测系统
〖Abstract〗According to HJ/T 76-2001 specification and detecting method of on-line
flue gas detection system for stationary pollution source supervisory, GB/T 16157-1996 particles determination and gaseous pollutants sampling method for stationary pollution source emission, and HJ/T 57-2000 sulphur dioxide determination for stationary pollution source emission (method of decided potential electrolyte), the authors performed comparative monitoring of particles, sulphur dioxide and the flow speed. The results indicated the measurements conform to the stipulation requirements.
〖Key words〗Comparison；Monitoring；Flue gas；Automatic detecting system；
〖篇 名〗地表水泥沙与总磷测定值的相关性分析
〖作 者〗王晓青，吕平毓
〖机 构〗长江水利委员会长江上游水环境监测中心，重庆400020
〖摘 要〗为研究总磷与泥沙之间的质量浓度关系，采集了三峡库区7个断面的地表水样品，通过筛分、滤膜过滤等方式，分离了水样中不同粒径的泥沙，得到含不同泥沙质量浓度的水样，并同步分析了水样中泥沙和总磷的质量浓度。结果表明，在丰水期，总磷主要来源于泥沙中吸附的有机磷和无机磷,而溶解态磷较少。泥沙与总磷质量浓度可以用线性关系和对数关系模拟，泥沙是影响地表水中总磷测定结果的主要原因之一。
〖关键词〗地表水；泥沙；总磷；相关性；三峡库区
〖Abstract〗Surface water samples were collected from 7 sections in the Three Gorges reservoir, and measured the concentration of bedload and total phosphorus from the analytical water samples were obtained which contain different particle size sand separated with sieves and filters to study concentration relation between bedload and total phosphorus. The result indicated that, in the abundant water time, the total phosphorus mainly comes from organic and inorganic phosphorus which adsorbs in the bedload, and dissolution phosphorus are just a little. The simulation both of the concentration linear relation and the concentration logarithm relation between bedload and total phosphorus indicated that bedload is one of the important factors to interfere determination of total phosphorus in the surface water.
〖Key words〗Surface water；Bedload；Total phosphorus；Correlation;The Three Gorges reservoir
〖篇 名〗地表水中BOD5监测时的快速估算
〖作 者〗陈胜昌
〖机 构〗连城县环境监测站，福建连城366200
〖摘 要〗阐述了BOD5与溶解氧之间的相关性，提出可以通过溶解氧和水温估算BOD5值，但是，首先要建立水样稀释前溶解氧与BOD5的相关关系。举例说明了对地表水中BOD5值的估算和稀释倍数确定的应用。
〖关键词〗地表水；ＢＯＤ５；溶解氧；估算
〖Abstract〗The author described correlation between BOD5 and dissolved oxygen, and estimated BOD5 values with the values of dissolved oxygen and water temperature after correlativity establishment between dissolved oxygen before sample dilution and BOD5. Some examples were given to show the application in BOD5 value estimation and confirmation of the sample dilution multiple for surface water monitoring.
〖Key words〗Surface water；BOD5；Dissolved oxygen；Estimation
〖篇 名〗延长初发酵培养时间对大肠菌群结果影响分析
〖作 者〗甄清1，李勇1，王一东2
〖机 构〗1.吉林大学公共卫生学院，吉林长春130021；2.长春理工大学生命科学学院，吉林长春130022
〖摘 要〗阐述了将《大肠菌群多管发酵法》(GB/T 4789.28-2003)初发酵时间24 h延长至48 h的原因，通过对139份不同种类样品进行大肠菌群总数检测，发现有12份样品增加了大肠菌群数，表明延长初发酵培养时间，可以增加迟缓发酵大肠菌群成员检出。指出迟缓发酵大肠菌群在44.5 ℃培养时，均无产酸产气现象，表明引起迟缓发酵的大肠菌群不属于粪大肠菌群成员。
〖关键词〗时间；初发酵培养；大肠菌群
〖Abstract〗The authors explained the reason to lengthen the fermentation time from 24h to 48h in GB/T 4789.28-2003 《multiple tube fermentation technique for coliform group》. The numbers of coliform group have been increased in 12 samples among different kind of the 139 samples send for coliform group detection. The result indicated that it may increase detectable rate of the slow fermentation coliform group at the 48h culture. The slow fermentation coliform group is not belong to the faecal coliform species because this kind bacteria do not produce acid and gas when it was cultured at 44.5 ℃.
〖Key words〗Time; Fermentation culture; Coliform group
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