环境监测现代化支撑——共性技术的提升与突破…………………… 张宁红，张涛，黎刚 (1)
危险废物生态毒性鉴别指标研究……………………………… 段华波，黄启飞，王琪，等 (5)
城市土壤重金属污染研究现状与趋势……………………… 史贵涛，陈振楼，李海雯，等 (9)
环境内分泌干扰物对河川沙塘鳢的雌激素效应检测………………吴鹰，孟艳玲，周忠良 (13)
双层管用于发光细菌检测水样毒性时的色度修正…………………瞿璟琰，卢湘岳，刘赟 (18)
大宝山采矿活动对环境的重金属污染调查……………………………………杨振，胡明安 (21)
玄武湖菹草种群的发生与水环境变化…………………………………………曹昀，王国祥 (25)
孔雀绿体系流动注射光度法测定水中正磷酸盐………………………………王庆霞，苏苓 (28)
固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定环境水体中多菌灵和苯菌灵………陈军，张宗祥，朱宇芳(30)
催化动力学光度法测定沉积物中痕量镍…………………………陈玉静，王玉宝，唐清华 (32)
转基因技术在植物修复重金属污染土壤研究中的新进展
……………………………………………………………刘晓峰，王海鸥，弓爱君，等 (34)
建筑材料放射性测量中存在的技术问题…………………………张勋，王鹏，汪家胜，等 (38)
基于线性回归的环境质量评价普适指数公式……………………薛文博，易爱华，张增强 (41)
环境遥感监测软件系统在太湖流域的应用……………………………………张琪，牛志春 (44)
Testo 350 M/XL烟气分析仪比对实验及应用中的问题…………………………………罗暾 (47)
生化需氧量（BOD5）测定中的接种液优化问题………………………………………贾海东 (49)
测定地表水中总磷时去除浊度干扰的方法比较…………………………….李小如，王学俭(50)
·简讯· （8）
《环境监测管理与技术》2006年第6期主要文章中英文摘要
〖篇 名〗环境监测现代化支撑：共性技术的提升与突破
〖作 者〗张宁红，张涛，黎刚
〖机 构〗（江苏省环境监测中心，江苏南京210036）
〖摘 要〗初步归纳了环境监测行业共性技术的现状与发展方向，提出提升共性技术研发层次，夯实现代化基础，集中力量，攻克关键共性技术，以快速推进环境监测行业现代化建设进程。
〖关键词〗环境监测；现代化建设；共性技术
〖Abstract〗Abstract： It briefly summarized situation and developing direction of common technology for environmental monitoring. The modernization of environmental monitoring can be accelerated by upgrading developing level of common technology for environmental monitoring, strengthening the base of modernization of environmental monitoring stations, and solving key monitoring technology.
〖Key words〗Key words: Environmental monitoring; Building modernization; Common technology
〖篇 名〗危险废物生态毒性鉴别指标研究
〖作 者〗段华波1，黄启飞1，王琪1，张丽颖2
〖机 构〗（1.中国环境科学研究院，北京100012； 2.北京化工大学，北京100029）
〖摘 要〗生态毒性是危险废物的危险特性鉴别指标之一，生态毒性鉴别指标确定的基础是关于毒性化学物质和固体废物的生态毒理学（评估指标）研究。比较研究了国外毒性物质和危险废物的生态毒性鉴别指标及其制定的方法学，分析了中国的研究现状，对中国危险废物生态毒性鉴别指标制定的方法学提出了建议。
〖关键词〗危险废物；危险特性；生态毒性；鉴别指标
〖Abstract〗Eco-toxicity identification is one of the most important standards in hazardous waste evaluation. Its basic is eco-toxicological research of poisonous chemicals and solid wastes. Compared the methodology of foreign counties on eco-toxicity identification criteria of toxic substances wastes with that of China, researching manner of China is suggested on eco-toxicity identification standard of hazardous wastes.
〖Key words〗Hazardous waste; Hazardous characteristics; Eco-toxicity; Identification
〖篇 名〗城市土壤重金属污染研究现状与趋势
〖作 者〗史贵涛，陈振楼，李海雯，王利，许世远
〖机 构〗（华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室，上海200062）
〖摘 要〗阐述了城市土壤重金属的主要来源、空间分布特征、化学形态与影响因素，以及对人体的健康风险与生物效应，指出今后的研究重点与趋势是建立城市土壤重金属污染概念和标准体系，研究其在环境中的迁移转化机制与规律及城市土壤重金属复合污染，发展判源分析新技术。
〖关键词〗城市土壤；重金属污染；土壤环境
〖Abstract〗Pollution source, distribution, chemical form and its factor, health hazard and biological effect of heavy metals contamination in urban soils are described. The further study should emphases on establishment of concept on heavy metals pollution in urban soils and detection criterion to found the transform and transplant mechanism of heavy metals in environment and on complexes contamination of heavy metals in urban soils as well as on development of analysis of pollution source.
〖Key words〗 Urban soil; Heavy metal pollution; Soil environment
〖篇 名〗环境内分泌干扰物对河川沙塘鳢的雌激素效应检测
〖作 者〗吴鹰2，孟艳玲2，周忠良1,2
〖机 构〗(1.中国水产科学研究院内陆渔业生态环境和资源重点开放实验室，中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心，江苏无锡214081； 2.华东师范大学生命科学学院，上海200062)
〖摘 要〗阐述了从河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)卵巢中提取卵黄磷脂蛋白，以及制备兔抗卵黄磷脂蛋白抗血清的过程，介绍了用此血清建立的河川沙塘鳢血清卵黄蛋白原间接竞争ELISA检测方法。以卵黄磷脂蛋白为参照，此法的最低检测质量浓度为40 ng/mL，最佳工作范围为160 ng/mL～1 280 ng/mL。使用此法检测雌二醇（E２）、壬基酚（NP）对雄性河川沙塘鳢的卵黄蛋白原诱导效果时，前者的最低有效质量浓度是0.001 mg/kg（E2/鱼体重），后者的最低有效质量浓度是50 mg/kg（NP/鱼体重）。结果表明，200 mg/kg（NP/鱼体重）NP可引起雄性河川沙塘鳢血清卵黄蛋白原显著倍增。在太湖东山水域进行为期1年的生态调查时，发现3、4月份期间，曾有50 %和35 %样品呈阳性。
〖关键词〗环境内分泌干扰物；河川沙塘鳢；太湖
〖Abstract〗Lipovitellin extracted from the ovaries of gobbid fish (Odontobutis potamophila) is used to prepare rabbit antiserum. The method of indirect competitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established to detect the serum vitellogenin. Lipovitellin was used as a comparative standard. The lowest detectable concentration was 40 ng/mL and the optimal determination range is between 160 ng/mL~1 280 ng/mL. The lowest effectual concentration for E2 is 0.001 mg/kg (E2/fish weight) and 50 mg/kg (NP/fish weight) for NP, values obtained through the testing of the induced effect of vitellogenin of E2 and NP in male gobbid fish. Experimental results show, when fish are exposed to NP contaminants, the concentration of NP in their bodies reaches 200 mg/kg (NP/fish weight) and a sharp vitellogenin increase in serum is detected. During a year long ecological investigation in Dong Shan estuary of Taihu Lake, it was discovered that 50% of the samples collected in March and 35% of the samples collected in April were tested positive for NP contaminants.
〖Key words〗EndocrineDisrupting Contaminants (EDCs)；Gobbid Fish (Odontobutis potamophila)；Taihu Lake
〖篇 名〗双层管用于发光细菌检测水样毒性时的色度修正
〖作 者〗瞿璟琰，卢湘岳，刘赟
〖机 构〗(华东师范大学 资源与环境学院环境科学系，上海200062)
〖摘 要〗阐述了应用发光细菌检测有色水样毒性时，水样色度会引起附加发光抑制的原因，提出应用同心双层检测玻管，可以对有色水样色度引起的附加发光抑制加以修正。通过比较单层管和双层管测定标准曲线间的差异、设置阴性对照和阳性对照评价该方法的可靠性，以及用该方法检测有色水样活性黑KN-B溶液的急性毒性实验，结果表明，用同心双层检测玻管可以有效修正由水样色度引起的附加发光抑制。
〖关键词〗发光细菌；水样；色度；同心双层检测玻管
〖Abstract〗The excess luminescenceinhibition caused by color of water samples is described in toxicity detection of luminescent bacteria test. This inhibition can be corrected by use of coconcentric doubledeck test tubes in the detecting process. The calibration curve of singledeck test tube and that of doubledeck test tube were compared in luminescent bacteria tests, and test reliability was evaluated with negative and positive controls. Experimental results show that luminescence depression can be effectively corrected by coconcentric doubledeck test tubes at detecting the acute toxicity of colored water samples with active black KNB.
〖Key words〗luminescent bacteria; Water sample; Color; Co-concentric doubledeck test tube;Water quality ;Color corection
〖篇 名〗大宝山采矿活动对环境的重金属污染调查
〖作 者〗杨振，胡明安
〖机 构〗(中国地质大学（武汉）资源学院，湖北武汉430074)
〖摘 要〗调查了大宝山铁铜多金属矿床固体废弃物-水相互作用对环境的重金属污染，结果表明，矿床固体废弃物导致了水、土壤的重金属污染,污染元素主要有Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn等；重金属元素的水迁移强度由大至小顺序为Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、As、Pb、Hg；元素的生物吸收系数由大至小顺序为Cd、Zn、Hg、Ni、Cu、Cr、As、Pb，虽然水稻糙米中的重金属含量未超过国家标准，但Cd、Cr两种元素含量已远远超出了植物中毒量的下限值。
〖关键词〗重金属污染；采矿环境；大宝山
〖Abstract〗Large amounts of tailings were produced during mining in the Fe-Cu polymetallic Deposit at Dabaoshan. The interaction of solid waste with water has caused the release and migration of heavy metals in solid waste and contamination of surface water, soils and rice. The contamination depends on discarded mineral in the deposit. The main elements are Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn. The water migration coefficients of heavy metals in solid waste tend to be decreased in the order: Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, As, Pb, Hg. The biological absorption coefficients of heavy metals are: Cd>Zn>Hg>Ni>Cu>Cr>As>Pb. Although the heavy metals in rice is under the standard limitations, elements of Cd and Cr are greater than the low limits of poisoning dose of plants.
〖Key words〗Heavy metal pollution; Mining environment; Dabaoshan
〖篇 名〗玄武湖菹草种群的发生与水环境变化
〖作 者〗曹昀，王国祥
〖机 构〗（南京师范大学地理科学学院，江苏省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室，江苏南京210097）
〖摘 要〗于2005年11月—2006年4月对玄武湖菹草种群进行了采样分析，并对其发生过程中的水环境质量进行了跟踪监测。结果表明，玄武湖菹草种群发生过程中，湖区水质有明显改善，湖水透明度增加,主要监测指标TN、TP质量浓度值下降。指出，在湖区维持一定量的菹草，对湖泊在冬春季的水环境质量的改善、生态系统的平衡与健康有重要意义。提出解决湖泊环境问题的根本途径是修复重建健康水生态系统。
〖关键词〗玄武湖；菹草；水环境
〖Abstract〗The outbreak of Potamogeton crispus in Xuanwu Lake was observed from Nov. 2005 to Apr. 2006 and the water quality in the course of P. crispus outbreak was monitored. The result shows that the outbreak made the water quality of the lake improved, the water transparency increased and the monitoring indexes (TN、TP et al) decreased. The P. crispus grows moderately in Xuanwu Lake will improve the water quality in winter and spring and benefit the balance and health for ecosystem. The essential way to resolve environmental problem for Xuanwu Lake is reconstruction and remediation of aquatic ecosystem.
〖Key words〗Water Environment; Potamogeton crispus; Xuanwu Lake
〖篇 名〗孔雀绿体系流动注射光度法测定水中正磷酸盐
〖作 者〗王庆霞，苏苓
〖机 构〗（徐州建筑职业技术学院，江苏徐州221008）
〖摘 要〗建立了流动注射-孔雀绿-磷钼杂多酸分光光度法测定水中痕量正磷酸盐的方法。优化了试验条件，方法在0 mg/L～0.300 mg/L线性良好，检出限为0.002 mg/L，准确度和精密度均符合要求，而且快速简便，适用于地表水、地下水、饮用水等清洁水体中正磷酸盐的测定。
〖关键词〗流动测量；分光光度法；孔雀绿；正磷酸盐；水质
〖Abstract〗A method for determination of trace Phosphate in water by flow injection spectrophotometry with Molybdophosphate and Malachite Green is described. The optimum concentration range is 0 mg/L～0.300 mg/L and minimum detectability is 0.002 mg/L. Operating procedure of the method goes fast, simple and convenient. The method is applied to determination of Phosphate of surface water, ground water, and drink water with satisfactory results.
〖Key words〗Flow injection; Spectrophotometry; Malachite Green; Phosphate; Water quality
〖篇 名〗固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定环境水体中多菌灵和苯菌灵
〖作 者〗陈军，张宗祥，朱宇芳
〖机 构〗（泰州市环境监测中心站，江苏泰州225300）
〖摘 要〗建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱测定环境水体中多菌灵和苯菌灵的方法。方法在5.0 μg/L～50.0 μg/L线性良好，多菌灵和苯菌灵的方法检出限分别为0.26 μg/L和0.38 μg/L，RSD分别为4.1%和4.5%，平均加标回收率分别为99.6%和85.1%。
〖关键词〗固相萃取；高效液相色谱法；多菌灵；苯菌灵；水质
〖Abstract〗A HPLC method was developed for the determination of Carbendazim and Benomyl in ambient water with SPE. The average recovery rates of Carbendazim and Benomyl by SPE are 99.6% and 85.1%, and the limits of detection 0.26 μg/L and 0.38 μg/L, the RSD 4.1% and 4.5%.
〖Key words〗SPE; HPLC; Carbendazim; Benomyl; Water Quality
〖篇 名〗转基因技术在植物修复重金属污染土壤研究中的新进展
〖作 者〗刘晓峰1，王海鸥1，弓爱君1，钟广蓉1，张淑贞2
〖机 构〗（1.北京科技大学应用科学学院生物系，北京100083； 2.中国科学院生态环境研究中心，北京100085）
〖摘 要〗综述了植物修复的相关机制及其进展和发展方向。随着一些功能基因的鉴定和分离，利用转基因技术提高植物对重金属的积累能力已取得了一些进展，开拓了植物修复的新领域。
〖关键词〗植物修复；重金属；转基因技术；基因
〖Abstract〗The mechanism, advance and developing direction of Phytoremediation technology for soil contaminated with heavy metal were summarized. Development has been achieved in increase accumulation of heavy metals in plants with transgenic technology because of the isolation and identification of functional genes. A new field has been exploited in phytoremediation.
〖Key words〗Phytoremediation；Transgenic technology；Heavy metal;Soils contamination
〖篇 名〗建筑材料放射性测量中存在的技术问题
〖作 者〗张勋，王鹏，汪家胜，侯义芹，闫振雪
〖机 构〗（大连渤海建设工程质量检测中心，辽宁大连116021）
〖摘 要〗阐述了GB 6566-2001《民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范》中存在的问题，指出该规范仅对建筑材料放射性的测量不确定度D（当K=1时，D≤20 %）提出了要求，未对测量时间、仪器测量下限和放射性物质特征峰漂移提出要求。实验证明，这些存在的问题对建筑材料放射性测量数据的准确性有影响。
〖关键词〗建筑材料；放射性测量；测量时间；仪器测量下限
〖Abstract〗This paper describes existing problems in the standard （GB 6566-2001）. This document sets limits only for the uncertainty of radioactivity measurements of building materials ≤20%（K=1). There are no requirements on important parameters such as measurement time, limit of measurement and characteristic peak drift of radioactivity. Our experimental results indicate that the lack of requirements in the areas above will have a negative impact on the precision and accuracy of radioactivity measurements on building materials.
〖Key words〗radioactive measurement; building materials; measurement time; limit of measurement of apparatus
〖篇 名〗基于线性回归的环境质量评价普适指数公式
〖作 者〗薛文博,易爱华，张增强
〖机 构〗（西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西杨凌712100）
〖摘 要〗阐述了利用遗传算法优化污染损害指数评价模型中参数时的优点和不足，提出采用普适质数公式对污染损害指数评价模型中参数进行线性优化时，可以大幅简化优化过程，便于实际应用。将适用于大气质量评价的普适指数公式与通过GA优化的评价结果进行比对，证实了该公式在线性优化中的可行性。
〖关键词〗环境质量评价；遗传算法；普适指数公式；线性方程；最小二乘法
〖Abstract〗The advantage and shortcoming of using genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize parameter in pollution damage index assessment model was discussed. The paper present a linear regression optimized method for parameters of pollution damage index assessment model, which simplified the optimization process sharply and made practical application more convenient. After using this method to atmospheric quality assessment, the paper got a universal index formula of atmospheric environmental quality assessment, proved the feasibility of linear optimization eventually through compared assessment results of it with the GA optimization.
〖Key words〗Environmental quality assessment; Universal index formula; Linear regression; Parameter optimization
