《环境监测管理与技术》2006年第4期目次
多管齐下 为说清环境问题提供有力支持…………………………………………张丹宁，张哲海（1）
环境监测实验室信息管理系统的构建与实施…………………………………………………… 沈艺 （4）
CALRoads模式在上海市典型道路CO扩散预测中的应用
.......................................………………李莉，陈长虹，黄成，等（7）
佛山水道底泥重金属污染调查……………………………………利锋，韦献革，余光辉，等（12）
X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤及底泥中多种元素…………陈素兰，胡冠九，周春宏，等(15)
毛细管电泳法直接测定化工废水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯
................................................李海燕，施银桃，曾庆福(19)
火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水中银………………………………………………………………杜青，姚朝英(21)
流动注射法测定水和废水中挥发酚………………………………………………………………………郑兴宝(23)
环境保护中工业废水辐射处理研究进展………………………… 王彦丽，高晓红，张小安(25)
基于RIA与WebGIS的空气质量信息服务…………………………… 丰江帆，张宏，张强，等(29)
ISO 14001认证中环境监测的问题与对策……………………………………………………………张仁泉(33)
辐射环境监测优化布点的特征分析方法……………………史东生，周春林，弟宇鸣，等(36)
建立基于CBERS数据的环境卫星遥感信息系统………………………………李宇斌，王恩德 （39）
用VB.NET和ACCESS实现监督监测报告报表编制系统……………………………蔡焕兴，龙湘(42)
DOAS环境空气质量自动化监测系统运行维护……………………………………………………齐岩松 (45)
顶空气相色谱法测定水中苯系物的方法改进……………………… 沈杰，顾健卫，徐锦昌(47)
空气温度对甲醛释放影响浅析…………………………………………… 李桂花，刘功斌，王燕芬(48)
日本《土壤污染对策法》与土壤环境监测……………………………………………… 许建华编译（49）
·征订启事·（32）
《环境监测管理与技术》2006年第4期主要文章中英文摘要
〖篇 名〗多管齐下 为说清环境问题提供有力支持
〖作 者〗张丹宁， 张哲海
〖机 构〗南京市环境监测中心站，江苏 南京 210013
〖摘 要〗以南京市环境监测中心站为例，提出针对区域环境状况、污染分布与污染物特征，有重点地开展相应的基础能力、监测技术能力、业务管理能力和监测队伍建设，为说清环境问题提供基础、技术、组织保障。通过历史资料分析与跟踪监测相结合，日常巡查与关注媒体信息和城建动态相结合，重点排查与专家分析相结合，定点监测与敏感部门日常联系相结合等多种手段，力争说清各类复杂环境问题，为环境管理提供技术支持。
〖关键词〗环境管理；环境监测；南京市
〖Abstract〗Taking Nanjing center station of Environmental Monitoring as a case, this article thought the environmental monitoring organization should improve their monitoring technological capabilities, operational management capability to support clear explanation of environmental problems according to the regional environmental conditions and pollution distribution or characteristics of pollutants. Moreover the monitoring station should analyze the historical environmental data, integrate the routine inspections and media information, focus the urban construction and experts’ idea in order to support for environmental management.
〖Key words〗Environmental management; Environmental monitoring; Nanjing Metropolis
〖篇 名〗环境监测实验室信息管理系统的构建与实施
〖作 者〗沈艺
〖机 构〗苏州市环境监测中心站，江苏 苏州 215004
〖摘 要〗阐述了环境监测实验室信息管理系统（LIMS）的构建目标，介绍了系统的业务流程、总体设计及实施条件。提出建立环境监测LIMS系统，可提高分析数据的准确性和质量管理水平，全面提升实验室信息运转效率和管理水平，更好地为环境管理服务。
〖关键词〗环境监测；实验室信息管理系统；环境管理
〖Abstract〗This article introduced the construction targets, operational processes, total design and implementation conditions of lab information management system of environmental monitoring (LIMS). Moreover, the establishment of environmental monitoring LIMS can improve the accuracy of data analysis, enhance the quality level and efficiency of the laboratory information management in order to service the environmental management better and better.
〖Key words〗Environmental monitoring; Laboratory information management systems; Environmental management
〖篇 名〗CALRoads模式在上海市典型道路CO扩散预测中的应用
〖作 者〗李莉 ，陈长虹，黄成，景启国，潘汉生，黄海英
〖机 构〗上海市环境科学研究院，上海 200233
〖摘 要〗根据上海市市区、郊区典型主干道的气象条件、车流量、车型比例，以及CO小时质量浓度的监测资料，采用CALRoads模式中CALINE4和CAL3QHC模块，对郊区主干道和市区典型路口的适用条件分别进行了验证。结果表明，在稳定的气象条件下，CALINE4模式在模拟周围相对空旷主干道附近的CO质量浓度时，具有较好的结果，将CAL3QHC模式应用于市区典型交叉口，可以得到同监测值相对吻合的模拟结果，但准确性低于郊区。应用CALRoads模型对未来城郊典型道路附近CO高峰小时质量浓度的发展趋势进行了预测，并基于情景分析给出了减少交通污染的对策建议。
〖关键词〗CO；大气扩散；线源模式；CALRoads；预测；上海
〖Abstract〗Two arterial roads in urban and suburban areas of Shanghai were respectively selected to do monitoring based on the meteorological conditions, vehicle flow, vehicle type ratio and CO hourly concentration. The applications of CALINE4 and CAL3QHC modules that were included in CALRoads into a suburban arterial road and urban intersection respectively have been verified with the monitoring data. The results shown that the application of CALINE4 in the suburban arterial road in Shanghai could give a relatively good result. However, the accuracy of CAL3QHC simulation on urban arterial intersections is lower than CALINE4. The CALRoads model was applied in the CO concentration prediction during the rush hour on arterial roads and intersections. Based on the scenario analysis, the strategies on reducing vehicle pollution emissions were given.
〖Key words〗CO; Atmosphere dispersion; Line source model; CALRoads; Prediction; Shanghai
〖篇 名〗佛山水道底泥重金属污染调查
〖作 者〗利锋1,2，韦献革1，余光辉1，温琰茂1，何树悠1，张磊1，骆海萍1，黄雁云1，任露陆1
〖机 构〗1．中山大学环境科学与工程学院，广东 广州 510275；2.嘉应学院环境工程实验室,广东梅州 514015
〖摘 要〗为了解佛山水道底泥的污染状况，对佛山水道底泥重金属的总体水平及其潜在生态危害进行了调查。结果表明，佛山水道底泥重金属的质量比处于较高水平,Hg的平均质量比达到背景值的20倍，As的平均质量比是背景值的2倍多。根据潜在生态危害指数法的评价结果，佛山水道底泥重金属对生态系统的危害已达到很强的程度；各种重金属的生态危害排序为：Hg＞Cd＞Pb＞Cu＞As＞Cr＞Zn，其中Hg的生态危害已达到了极强的程度。
〖关键词〗底泥;重金属;潜在生态危害; 佛山
〖Abstract〗The present situations and ecological risk of heavy metal pollution of sediment in Foshan waterway were depicted based on the investigation and monitoring. The distribution of heavy metals has much to do with the hydrological conditions of the river and the distribution of pollution sources. The harm of heavy metals of sediment in Foshan waterway was appraised by the method of potential ecological risk index. The results demonstrate that the harm has reached a high degree. The potential risk order of elements are Hg＞Cd＞Pb＞Cu＞As＞Cr＞Zn. Among them, the harm of Hg to the ecological system is very serious.
〖Key words〗Sediment; Heavy metals; Potential ecological risk; Foshan
〖篇 名〗X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤及底泥中多种元素
〖作 者〗陈素兰1，胡冠九1，周春宏1，陈波1，章勇1，范迪富2，廖启林2
〖机 构〗1.江苏省环境监测中心，江苏 南京 210036； 2.江苏省地质调查研究院，江苏
南京 210018
〖摘 要〗采用粉末压片、X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤及底泥样品中铜、铅、铬、锌、镍等多种元素。优化了测量条件，采用理论α系数法校正基体效应，校准样品校正谱线重叠干扰，经标准样品及不同分析方法验证，该方法定量准确，分析速度快，精密度和准确度均符合要求。
〖关键词〗元素；土壤；底泥；X射线荧光光谱法
〖Abstract〗This article determined variety elements in soil and mud sample, such as Copper, Lead, Chromium, Zinc, Nickel with the powder sheeting and Xray fluorescence spectrographic methods determination. The survey condition was optimized and the theory alpha method of correlates adjustment substrate effect was applied, the calibration sample overlapped with adjustment spectral line. The result showed this method was quota accurate and quick, and the accuracy was requirement for practice with confirmation by standard sample and different analysis method.
〖Key words〗Elements; Soil; Mud; X-ray fluorescence spectrographic
〖篇 名〗毛细管电泳法直接测定化工废水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯
〖作 者〗李海燕，施银桃，曾庆福
〖机 构〗武汉科技学院环境科学研究所，湖北 武汉 430073
〖摘 要〗采用胶束毛细管电泳法，在分离水中5种邻苯二甲酸酯的基础上，对化工废水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯进行了直接测定。以峰面积定量，标准曲线在4 mg/L～50 mg/L线性关系良好，检出限为0.64 mg/L，加标回收率为104%～106%。
〖关键词〗胶束毛细管电泳法；邻苯二甲酸二丁酯；化学工业废水；测定
〖Abstract〗With micelle capillary electrophoresis, this article directly determined the Dinbutylphthalate in chemical wasterwater based on separating 5 kinds of Phthalate of the water. The standard curve was good with linearity relations from 4 mg/L to 50 mg/L, the lowest limits was 0.64 mg/L, and the adding-sign returnsratio was from 104% to 106%.
〖Key words〗Micelle capillary electrophoresis; Dinbutylphthalate; Chemical wastewater; Determination
〖篇 名〗火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水中银
〖作 者〗杜青，姚朝英
〖机 构〗南京市环境监测中心站，江苏 南京 210013
〖摘 要〗采用硝酸消解样品，氘灯背景校正技术消除非特征吸收和光散射影响，火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水中银，方法简便可靠，检出限为0.010 mg/L，RSD为0.9%～6.6%，加标回收率为93.0%～101%。
〖关键词〗火焰原子吸收光谱法；银；水质
〖Abstract〗This article discussed how to determinate the Silver in the water by the method of flame atomic absorption spectra with dispelling the sample used the nitric acid. The result showed this method was simple and credible for practice. The lowest limits was 0.010 mg/L, RSD was from 0.9% to 6.6%, and the addingsign returnsratio was from 93.0% to 101%.
〖Key words〗Flame atomic absorption spectra; Silver; Water quality
〖篇 名〗基于RIA与WebGIS的空气质量信息服务
〖作 者〗丰江帆，张宏，张强，滕学伟
〖机 构〗南京师范大学GIS江苏省重点实验室， 江苏 南京 210097
〖摘 要〗根据公众对空气质量知情权的需要，构思了基于RIA与WebGIS的空气质量信息服务设想，介绍了RIA技术和与Flex平台有关的情况，以及Macromedia Flex 体系结构，并根据社会化空气质量信息服务面临的问题，开发了基于Flex与WebGIS的空气质量信息服务系统，验证结果表明，该系统具有可行性和有效性。
〖关键词〗WebGIS；富客户端应用；空气质量
〖Abstract〗With the public improvement of environmental sense on the air quality, the thought for constructing air environment information service based on RIA and WebGIS was presented. Considering the characteristic of Flex platform and RIA technology, the detail was made of the integral structure and designing of the system and technology, function and process of its realization, and being proved feasible and effective with an experiment system.
〖Key words〗WebGIS; Rich Internet Applications; Air quality
〖篇 名〗ISO 14001认证中环境监测的问题与对策
〖作 者〗张仁泉
〖机 构〗苏州市环境监测中心站，江苏 苏州 215004
〖摘 要〗在ISO 14001：2004《环境管理体系—要求及使用指南》认证过程中，认证机构需要通过环境监测判断申请认证组织的污染物排放是否达到环境标准和总量控制指标的要求,指出在ISO 14001认证中的环境监测，存在着监测项目不充分、监测过程偏离技术规范、监测机构没有相应资质和审核员缺乏环境科学与技术知识等问题，以及认证机构不能有效利用环境监测这一手段评价申请认证组织的环境行为，提出了应充分识别环境监测要求、严格把好环境监测机构资质关和提高审核员环境科学与技术素质的一系列对策。
〖关键词〗ISO 14001；环境监测；问题
〖Abstract〗According to the ISO 14001:2004 standard named "Environmental Management SystemsRequirements with Guidance for practice", the certification organizations need to judge if pollutant emission from organizations applying for certification meets demand of the environmental standards and total control target of pollutant emission by environmental monitoring. There were some problems of the environmental monitoring of ISO 14001 certification in China, such as, environmental monitoring items were not enough, environmental monitoring process deviated from technical specification, some of environmental monitoring organizations lacked of the relevant qualification and some auditors were short of knowledge on environmental science and technology. So, the certification organizations can't assess environmental performance of organizations applying for certification effectively. Based on the comprehensive analysis, a series of strategies were given, including of identifying environmental monitoring demand fully, controlling qualification of environmental monitoring organizations strictly and improving personal attributes of auditors in environmental science and technology.
〖Key words〗ISO 14001；Environmental monitoring；Issues
〖篇 名〗辐射环境监测优化布点的特征分析方法
〖作 者〗史东生 ,周春林,弟宇鸣,黎素芬
〖机 构〗第二炮兵工程学院102教研室，陕西 西安 710025
〖摘 要〗介绍了特征分析方法的基本原理及其MATLAB语言实现过程，并将特征分析法、传统布点法，以及BP人工神经网络法对同一地区辐射环境监测优化布点的核素含量均值作了比较，结果表明，用特征分析法优选出的采样点位，其核素含量均值对传统布点法的相对偏差均为负值，且＜10%，即便与BP法相比，也不失其优越性，表明用特征分析法监测一个地区环境辐射平均水平的优化布点是十分理想的。
〖关键词〗辐射；环境监测；布点；特征分析方法；MATLAB语言
〖Abstract〗This paper introduced a new waycharacteristic analysis with its basic principle and the steps of building its MATLAB program. Moreover, the characteristic analysis was compared with others measures, such as traditional sites and BP NN in the field of environmental radiation monitoring. The results of application examples suggested that it was feasible to optimize number of sites for monitoring the average level of environmental radiation in one area by characteristic analysis.
〖Key words〗Radiological； Environment monitoring; Number of sites; Characteristic analysis method; MATLAB Program
〖篇 名〗建立基于CBERS数据的环境卫星遥感信息系统
〖作 者〗李宇斌1,2, 王恩德1
〖机 构〗1.东北大学资源与土木学院，辽宁 沈阳 110004；2. 辽宁省环境科学研究院，辽宁 沈阳 110031
〖摘 要〗介绍了应用于生态环境、环境质量监测、环境污染事故应急监控等环境保护领域的环境卫星遥感信息系统，提出应以国家、省、市三级行政区为单元，建立卫星影像动态数据库和查询系统，以满足生态环境观测信息处理需求。并以辽宁省为例，构建了省级CBERS环境卫星遥感信息系统。
〖关键词〗CBERS；环境；卫星遥感；系统
〖Abstract〗Based on the satellite remote sensing images of CBERS, environmental satellite remote sensing information system was introduced, which was developed and applied in ecological assessment, environmental quality monitoring, and emergency surveillance of pollution accidents. The system architecture, parameters and operation management scheme were proposed. A case study in Liaoning province was conducted to demonstrate this new technology’s good practice at the provincial level.
〖Key words〗CBERS; Environment; Satellite remote sensing; System
〖篇 名〗DOAS环境空气质量自动化监测系统运行维护
〖作 者〗齐岩松
〖机 构〗天津市环境监测中心，天津 300191
〖摘 要〗介绍了DOAS环境空气质量自动化监测系统的性能和特征，指出该系统在日常运行时，需要进行预防性定期例行维护和现场故障排除，总结分析了该系统运行维护的方法，并对常见故障作了剖析。
〖关键词〗DOAS；自动化监测系统；维护；空气质量
〖Abstract〗This article introduced the performance and the characteristics of DOAS air quality automatic monitor system and point out the preventive regular maintenance and elimination of the trouble. Moreover, its maintenance methods and common malfunctions were analyzed.
〖Key words〗DOAS; Automatic monitor system; Maintenance; Air quality
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